An Internationl Peer Reviewed

SCHOLARLY RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES

Oct-Nov,2015, vol-2/12

Impact Factor: SJIF 3.189

ISSN: 2348-3083

Date: 2015-12-04

OCT-NOV, 2015

E-LEARNING CONTENT DEVELOPMENT A ROLE IN VIRTUAL CLASS ROOM

J.Thirumaran & A.Uthiramoorthy

Page No.: 2977 - 2984

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 For the past two decades, the e-learning is becoming more popular and vibrant among the
learners world-wide. Developing e-learning is more costly than preparing teaching contents
and pilot training (faculty training), especially if multimedia or highly interactive methods are
used for delivering the course content. However, delivery costs for e-learning (including costs of
establishment of the e-learning hardware and software requirements) are considerably lower
than those for creating classroom facilities, instructor time, travel time of the students lost
towards attending the class room sessions. Creating e-learning materials is a time-consuming
process and requires expertise and experience in handling tools. There are various ways of
creating e-learning content such as using html pages, videos, images and audio. In this paper,
the various ways of creating e-learning is presented and discusses the design components of elearning.
Keywords: E-learning, Content Development, multimedia, video, image


A STUDY OF JOB INVOLVEMENT AND MENTAL HEALTH AMONG SCHOOL TEACHERS

B.P.SINGH

Page No.: 2985 - 2995

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The investigator in this paper tried to explore the effect of job involvement and mental health
among the secondary school teachers. The study was conducted in Bhiwani district of Haryana.
The sample of the study consists of 120 secondary school teachers who are teaching in private
and government school. In this data, there are 30 female and 30 male teachers from both
government and private school were selected. It was found that those teachers who are highly
involved in teaching learning activities tend to attribute positive work outcomes to their internal
and personally bearable conditions. Those teachers who involved in various physical activities
are better adjusted in way of thinking, feeling and attitude.
Key Words: Job involvement, mental health, teachers. 


SUGGESTIVE SOLUTION ON PROBLEMS FACED BY STUDENTS AND TEACHER EDUCATORS IN MULTILINGUAL B.ED. CLASSROOM

Ketan Laxman Kamble & Megha Uplane

Page No.: 2996 - 3005

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 The study was conducted on B.Ed. students and Teacher Educators in private education
college of Silvassa. B.Ed. students and Teacher Educators were selected by purposeful
sampling; qualitative data was collected by open-ended questionnaire which was further
qualitatively analyzed. The findings revealed that in multilingual B.Ed. classroom students
faced problems like understanding English, topic comprehension, study material in English,
writing examinations and even psychological problems due to regional medium background
and not having proficiency in English. Teacher Educators have problems in teaching,
preparing teaching-learning material, evaluation and classroom activities. The study
suggested that these problems can be overcome by multilingual pedagogical approach.
Keywords: Students, Teacher Educators, Problems, Multilingual, Classroom.


A STUDY OF EDUCATIONAL STATUS OF CLASS IV LEVEL FEMALE EMPLOYEES

Nivedita Deshmukh & Mrs. Menka Mishra

Page No.: 3006 - 3008

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Today\'s women are not less. Working at class IV level never restricts them to get more
education and training. They are fully confident, technosavy and open minded for the
education. There are very less women working at class IV levels, which are uneducated or not
received formal the education. The spirit of women is very high. They are in favour to supports
the education. They understand the need of education for their better life. In said research data
is collected from the class IV women employee to check their educational status.
Keywords: Female, employee, education, status, value 


LEVEL OF ADJUSTMENT AMONG 1ST YEAR COLLEGE STUDENTS IN RELATION TO SELF EFFICACY

Ms. Moomin Jan

Page No.: 3009 - 3016

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 The present study seeks to see the relationship of level of adjustment on self-efficacy with
respect to their domicile and gender. For the present study purposive sampling method was
used. For the present study the target group was 1st year college students, chosen from
different government colleges in Kashmir valley. From the total, 120 number of college
students, 60 Rural. (30 male, 30 female) and 60 Urban (30 male, 30 female) were selected by
purposive sampling technique. In order to measure the level of adjustment and self-efficacy
among the 1st year college going students Menezzel, A., (1999) Adjustment to College Scale
(ATCS) and Self Efficacy Scale developed by Prothrow Stith (1987) were administered. The
findings of the study revealed that there is no significant difference in level of adjustment
between rural and urban college students and also shows that significant difference was
found between rural and urban students on their self-efficacy.
Keywords: College Students, Adjustment, Self-efficacy, Rural, Urban\\\\\\\\


A STUDY OF LEVEL OF EDUCATIONAL ASPIRATION OF THE CHILDREN OF WORKING AND NON-WORKING MOTHERS

Ms. Moomin Jan

Page No.: 3017 - 3023

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 The sample for the proposed study was consists of 100 children`s in which 50 were children of working
mothers and 50 were children of non-working mothers. The sample was taken from different
secondary schools of District Anantnag. The data for the present study was collected with the
help of the Dr. Mahesh Bhargava and Prof. M.A. Level of aspiration means an individual’s
future expectations or ambitions. It refers to the estimate of one’s future in a given task. The
findings of the study revealed that working mothers are personally determinant, well
environment determinants, high in level of aspiration towards their children as compared to
children of working mothers.
Keywords: Educational Aspiration, Children, Working and Non-working mothers


ROLE OF TEACHER TRAINING COLLEGES IN PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHERS: A CASE STUDY OF SOUTH-KASHMIR, J&K, INDIA

Mr. Maroof Maqbool & V.K. Dixit

Page No.: 3024 - 3034

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 The quality of a nation depends upon the quality of its citizens. The quality of its citizens depends
not exclusively, but in critical measure upon the quality of their education, the quality of their
education depends more than any single factor, upon the quality of their teacher. Teaching is
one of the most important and noble professions. Teachers engaged in this profession needs to be
qualified professionally. Modern system of education requires professionally trained man power
to deliver quality education to its students. The teachers have to deal with the human beings who
have the feelings, emotions, aspirations and various other experiences. They need to be taken
care of with great care. Therefore, the training of teachers before entering into this profession is
must. Apart from knowledge of the content the skill and attitude to handle and deliver is a prerequisite
for a good teacher. Through this paper, the attempt has been made to survey the
teacher training colleges in South-Kashmir to find out the growth of these institutions and their
primary functions.


ACADEMIC SELF-EFFICACY IN RELATION TO ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS OF HARYANA

R.K.Bhaker & Ms. Arti Pasricha

Page No.: 3035 - 3049

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 This study explored relationship and gender differences in Academic self-efficacy and academic
Achievement among senior secondary school students of Haryana. The data was collected from
400 students (200females and 200males). For the purpose of sampling the whole Haryana state
was divided into five zones, i.e. North, East, South, West and Central. One district from each
zone was selected by Random Lottery Method i.e.Rohtak, Ambala, Gurgaon, Hisar and
Mohindergarh. From the selected schools ( 2 from each district) 40 students (20 male + 20
female) of +1 stage were selected using lottery method making a total sample to 400. Academic
Self Efficacy scale (developed by Dr. R.K.Bhaker and Ms. Arti Pasricha )was used to measure
Academic self-efficacy and the Cumulative grade point average CGPA of the class 10th to
measure the academic achievement of the participants. The data was analyzed using descriptive
and inferential statistics. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to see the relationship
between Academic self-efficacy and academic achievement. T-test was used to compare male
and female subjects in Academic Self efficacy and academic achievement. The results of the
study showed that there was no significant difference between males and females on Academic
self-efficacy. A significant relationship was found between the students ‘Academic self-efficacy
and academic achievement.Also, a significant difference was found between High and LowAchievers on Academic Self-efficacy. From the findings, it was recommended that Teachers
should make clear, the importance of Academic Self-efficacy for Academic success and try to
raise the self-efficacy level by various means such as- verbal persuasions, mastery experiences
and vicarious experiences keeping in mind the individual differences. Teacher’s attitude and
enthusiasms will create better environment conducive for development of academic self-efficacy
beliefs in struggling adolescents.
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Adeyemo, D.A (2001): Self-efficacy and subject enrollment in secondary school. An empirical inquiry. Ibadan journal of educational studies 1, 1. 86-95. Adeyemo, D.A. (2007). Moderating influence of emotional intelligence on the link between academic self-efficacy and achievement of university students. Psychology Developing Societies, 19(2), 199-213. Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84, 191-215. Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37, 122- 147. Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Bandura, A. (1989). Multidimensional scales of perceived self-efficacy. Unpublished test, Stanford University, Stanford, CA. Bandura, A. (1993). Perceived self-efficacy in cognitive development and functioning. Educational Psychologist, 28(2), 117-148. Bandura, A. (1995). Exercise of personal and collective efficacy in changing societies. In A Bandura (Ed.), Self-efficacy in changing societies (pp. 1-45). New York: Cambridge University Press. Bandura, A., Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G. V., & Pastorelli, C. (1996). Multifaceted impact of self-efficacy beliefs on academic functioning. Child Development, 67(3), 1206–1222.
GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN DISTRICT SRINAGAR, KASHMIR

Amina Bano Quari & Shabir Ahmad Bhat

Page No.: 3050 - 3058

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The present study was designed to compare government and private secondary school teachers
on teaching competency and personality adjustment. The main objective of the investigation was
to know the personality adjustment and teaching competences of Government and private
Secondary School Teachers of District Srinagar, Kashmir. The major findings of the study depicts
that there is significant difference between Private and Govt. Secondary School Teachers on
their personality adjustment and significant difference was found between Private and Govt.
Secondary school teachers on their teaching competency.
Keywords: Personality Adjustment, Teaching Competency, Government, Private, Teachers. 
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Anderson, E. J. and Elizabeth, H. (1967). "Improving the Teaching Analysis of Classroom Verbal Interaction", Halt Rinhert and Winston inc. New York. Arora Kamala, 1975. "Difference Between Effective and in Effective Teachers", S. Chand & Co. New Delhi. Arun Athrey, (2004). "A text book of Teacher Education", Prominent Publishers New Delhi, pp, 320-322. Asels, M. (2008). ''Teacher's competency of secondary school Teachers" Journal Institute of Educational Research, vol.12 pp 40-45. Asha, R. (2000). "A Comparative Study of Attitude of Teachers towards Teaching Profession". Journal of Educational Research and Extension, Vol. 30, No. 3 pp, 25-30. Bell, H. M. (1934). "Problems Of Teaching", APH Publishing Corporation New Delhi.Bell, H. M. (1938). "Manual for Adjustment Inventory Adult Form'1, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. Best, John .W. (1983). "Research in Education". New Delhi Prentice-Hall of India. Bhattacharya, S. P. (1974). Review of Research on theory of Teaching. Centre of Advanced Study in Education, M. S. University, Baroda. Biddle, B. J. & Ellena, W. J., (Eds.). (1964). "Contemporary Research on Teacher Effectiveness ". Holt. Rinehert and Winston, New York. Buch, M. B. (ed.) (1974). "A Survey of Research in Education". Centre for Advance studies in Education, Baroda. Buch, M. B. (ed.) (1979). ''Second Survey of Research in Education". Society for Educational Research and Development, Baroda. Deo, J. J. & Singh, A. K. (2004). Variation in Job Involvement with Age among Govt. and Private High School Teachers. Behavioural Scientist, Vol. 5 (2), 97-99 (IEA, Vol. 4, July, 2004, p, 60). Devi, N. S. (2005). "Assessment of Attitude towards Teaching" Edutrack, Vol. 4(12), August, pp, 29-30. (IEA Vol. , No. 1, Jan. 2006, pp, 60-61). Ekta, S. (2000). A Study of Teacher Effectiveness among Govt. and Private School Teachers. Unpublished M, A. Dissertation, Jammu University. Goyal, R. P. (1984). "Relationship between creative thinking abilities of prospective teachers and their success in Teaching". Journal of Institute of Educational Research Vol. 8 No.3 pp, 1-5. Guilford, J. P. (1956). Fundamental Statistics in Psychology and Education, New York: McGraw Hill Book Comp, Hamdan A. R. (2010). Teaching Competency of Malaysian Primary Teachers. European Journal of Social Science Vol. 12. No. 4. 2010. Faculty of Education University of Technology. Jain, K. (2004). "Future of Teacher Education", Suniith Enterprises New Delhi. Jangira, N. (1979). "Teacher Training and Teacher Effectiveness, An Experiment in Teacher Behavior, National Publishing House New Delhi, pp 340-345.
A STUDY OF LIFE SKILLS INCORPORATED THROUGH VARIOUS ACTIVITIES IN SCHOOLS

Chandan Shingte

Page No.: 3059 - 3063

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Presents study is related to life skills incorporated through various curricular and cocurricular
activities in English medium schools. Survey method is used for this study.
Sample of 5 schools in Katraj area was selected from Pune city. Interview of Principals
and Teachers were taken and yearly planner was collected from them for collecting
detail information about activities conducted in the academic year 2014-2015. From the
various activities mostly communication skills, self awareness and empathy these life
skills are incorporated. Comparatively stress management, emotional adjustment,
decision making these life skills are less incorporated through activities. Overall from
the study it is clear that many activities are conducted through which life skills are
incorporated in the schools. 
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Best J.W. and Khan V.J. (2008) 10th edition, Research in education, New Delhi, Prentice- Hall of India Private Limited. Koul Lokesh (2008) 4th edition, Methodology of research in education, New Delhi, Vikas Publishing house. Mangal S.K.: Advanced Educational Psychology; New Delhi, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd;193 Test book of std VII, First edition, General Science, Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research, Pune. www.lifeskills.com www.stressmanagement.com www.emotionaladjustment.com www.creativethinking.com www.decissionmaking.com www.interpersonalrelationship.com www.curricularandcocurricularactivities.com
AWARENESS TOWARDS UTILITY OF 3G TECHNOLOGY AMONG SELECTED HIGHER SECONDARY STUDENTS

N.Sridhar & T. Malliga

Page No.: 3064 - 3072

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 Education is the very essential part of the teaching and learning process. The system of
education is sequence of the continuity of subject to subject orderly. Sometimes modified for the
educational innovative technique of the infrastructure. The present scenarios of educational
innovative techniques are the mobile learning technology that means learning to 3G learning
communication technology. This is very easy to understanding of learning and to take able to
one place to another place wherever we goes in their world. Importance of the utility of 3G
technology mobile learning is z gender generation. The sample size 250 higher secondary school
students in Erode District. The simple random technique was used. For the data analysis of the
following statistical techniques descriptive analysis (Mean and S.D) and Differential analysis (t
and F test) have been used.
Keywords: Advance mobile phone service, Code Division Multiple Access, Global system for
mobile communication, Time Division Multiple Access and 3G technology
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Machiel J. Reinders, Pratiba A. Dabholkar and Ruud T. Frambach (2008) “Consequence of Forcing consumers to use technology – based self service”. Journal of service research, pp: 107-123. Morios koufaris ( 2002). “Applying the Technology Acceptance Model and Flow Theory to online consumer behavior”. Information system research, pp: 205-223. Matthijs hisschemoller and cees J. H. Midden (1999). “Improving the usability of research on the public perception of science and technology for policy-making”. Public Understanding of Science, pp: 17-33. Prahalad sooknanan, Srinivas R. Melkole, and Ewart . C.skinner (2002). “Diffusion of an Educational Innovation in Trinidad and Tobago; The Role of Teacher Attitude and Perceptions toward computers in the classroom”. International communication gazette, pp: 557-571. Terry butler and tracy chao (2001). “Partners for change: students as Effective Technology Mentors”. Active Learning in Higher Education, pp 191-113. Wanki Morn and Siva K. Blalsubramanian (2004). “Public attitude towards Agrobiotechnology: the mediating role of risk perceptions on the impact of trust”. Awareness and Outrange. Appl. Econ. Perspect, pp: 186-208.
COMPARISON OF MAXIMAL AEROBIC POWER BETWEEN BOYS AND GIRLS OF THE INDIAN ADOLESCENTS

Badshah Ghosh & Ghosh B.

Page No.: 3073 - 3083

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The present investigation was undertaken by the investigator with an attempt to compare the
maximal aerobic power between adolescent boys and adolescent girls of the central part of
central zone of India. The subjects for this study were a total of 2010 subjects viz. 1005 boys
and 1005 girls and their age were divided into three categories i.e. 12 to below 14 years, 14
to below 16 years and 16 to below 18 years of age. The selected physiological variable was
considered important for research because it would provide us a true picture of
cardiovascular endurance in general and VO2 max in particular of adolescent boys and girls
of the selected area. To compare the maximal aerobic power between adolescent boys and
adolescent girls of central part of central zone of India, the Descriptive statistics and t test
was used. The average values of maximal aerobic power of boys: 12 to below 14 years
(18.07±1.86 ml/kg/min), 14 to below 16 years (26.21± 2.68ml/kg/min) and 16 to below 18
years (37.15±3.54 ml/kg/min) respectively. The average values of maximal aerobic power of
girls: 12 to below 14 years (17.39± 2.14 ml/kg/min), 14 to below 16 years (25.17± 2.73
ml/kg/min) and 16 to below18 years (35.83± 2.78 ml/kg/min) respectively. The present study
reveals that significant difference exists between adolescent boys and adolescent girls at
different age group (i.e. 12 to below 14 years, 14 to below 16 years and 16 to below 18 years
of age) in relation to maximal aerobic power.
Keywords: Maximal Aerobic Power, Central Zone, Maximum Oxygen Uptake, Adolescent. 
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American College Health Association, 2006. American College Health Association- National College Health Assessment (ACHA-NCHA) Spring 2005 Reference Group Data Report (Abridged), Journal of American College of Health, 55, 5- 16. American College Health Association, 2010. National College Health Assessment Reference Group Executive Summary Fall 2008. Available online: http://www.achancha. org/docs/ACHANCHA_Reference_Group_ExecutiveSummary_Fall2008.pdf Andersen, L. B., et al., 1987. Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Danish adolescents 16-19 Years of age. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 56(1), 74-82 Astrand P., Rhyming I., 1954. A Nomogram for Calculation of Aerobic Capacity (Physical Fitness) from Pulse during Sub-Maximal Work. Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 7, 218-221. Barrow, Harold M., Man and Movement: Principles of Physical Education, 1991, Philadelphia: Lea & Fibiger, 141. Eiberg S, et al., 2005. Maximum Oxygen Uptake and Objectively Measured Physical Activity in Danish Children 6-7 Years of Age: the Copenhagen School Child Intervention Study. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 39 (10), 725-730. Ghosh Badshah, Assessment of maximal aerobic power of central zone adolescents of India, 2008, Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal. Ghosh Badshah, 2013. Comparison of Maximal Aerobic Power between Adolescent Boys and Adolescent Girls of the Costal Bay of Bengal, Journal of Educational Chronicle, an International Journal of Education, Vol.4, No.2, 110-112. SRJIS/
MECHANISM IN SCHOOLS FOR THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS: NGOS, PRESS AND MEDIA

Shivani Shrivastava

Page No.: 3083 - 3093

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Education has been specified as one on the fundamental human rights vide article 26 of
the ‘Universal Declaration of Human Rights’ follows:
Article 26 (i) “Everyone has the right to Education shall be free, at least in the
elementary and fundamental stage. Technical and professional education shall be
equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.”
(ii) “Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality
and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms.”
“It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nation, racial or
religious groups and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the
maintenance of peace.”
(iii) “Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to
their children.”
There is a close correlation between poverty among families, communities and entire
countries, and low levels of education among children, and identifying financial
obstacles to universal primary education is the crucial first step towards their
elimination. This t\\is mandated by universal human rights standards that assert primary
education should be free and compulsory. International human rights law asserts the
public responsibility for ensuring free and compulsory primary education. Key
provisions included in the treaties are summarized below reflecting changes in
international human rights law over the last few decades. These changes have
reaffirmed that compulsory education should remain free. 
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Human Rights Education. Bibliography of the Document of the Council of Europe Strasbourg: Council of Europe, 1995.Languages: English and French [http://civnet. Org/coe/docum] information and Documentation Centre, Council of Europe, F-67075 Strasbourg Cedex, France, Best, Francine. Education, Culture, Human Rights and International Understanding: The Promotion of Humanistic, Ethical, and Cultural Values in Education. Paris: UNESCO, 1990 Flowers, Nancy, ed. Human Rights Here and Now: Celebrating the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Minneapolis, MN: Human Rights USA Resource Center, 1998 Graves, Norman J., ed. Teaching for International Understanding, Peace and Human Right. Paris: UNESCO, 1984 Osler, Audrey and Hugh Starkey. Teacher Education and Human Rights London: David Fulton Publishers, 1996 Ray, Douglas, et al. Education for Human Rights: An International Perspective. Paris: International Bureau of Education, 1994 Reardon, Betty A. Education for Human Dignity: Learning About Right and Responsibilities. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995 United Nations. High Commissioner for Human Rights: Introduction-Making Human Rights a Reality. Geneva: United Nations, office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, 1996
HUMAN RESOURCES (HR) PRACTICES IN BANKS

Sumit Goklaney

Page No.: 3093 - 3104

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In India the banking industry is becoming more competitive than ever, private and public sector
banking are competing each other to perform well. The executives of the bank are modifying
their traditional human resource practice in order to innovate human resources practices to
meet the challenges from other competitive banks. This paper tries to bring out those innovative
and best human resources practices developed and found successful that made them more
competitive in the present competitive banking environment in the various human resources
areas where they want to gain competitive advantage over the rival banks in order to attract and
retain the talents. 
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Singh shilpi and Garg Ajay (2013), "Face of Hr practices in today's scenario in Indian banks" www.citehr.com/57785-hr-policies-banking-sector-india.html Leon C Megginson, Personnel and Human Resources Administration, Richard D. Irwin Inc. Homewood,Illionis,1977,p.4 Arthur Lewis, the History of Economic Growth, Geoge Allen and Unwin Ltd., London, 1965, Eli Ginzberg, “Man his work” , Edited by Dale S. Beach, Managing People at work, Macmillan Publishing co, Inc., New York,1980,pp. 3-4 Sar, A Levitan, Garth L. Mangum and Ray Marshall, Human Resources and Labour Markets, Harper and Row publishers, New York, pp, 1-2 M. N. Rudrabasavaraj, Dynamic personnel Administration, Himalaya Publishing House, Bombay, 1979, p.39 Human Resource Management in. Banks – Need for a New Perspective*. K. C. Chakrabarty. Shri Alok Misra, CMD, Bank of India, Dr. K. Ramakrishnan
HUMAN RIGHTS AND REALITY OF TRIBAL’S PROBLEMS IN GOA: ISSUES AND DISCOURSES

Mr. Vijay M.Gawas

Page No.: 3105 - 3116

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Fiducially the Tribal Community in Goa has been most Vulnerable Section in the
Unequal, Domination and Exploitation ridden society. In regard, the ratio of Tribal
people is living below poverty line, and their socio- economic conditions are poorest.
Even before pre and post colonial periods, the unchanged condition of Tribal peoples
like Gawda, Kunbi and Velip are leading life of social exclusion in the state of Goa. The
violation of fundamental human rights and the state cruelty has been committed against
on Tribal Communities. In the state of Goa for last many decades the Tribal
Communities being fully isolated and faced Social discrimination in the society. While
understanding of current Tribal societies is need a basic respect to the historical
processes, which have determined the course of succeeding changes in political,
Economic and socio- cultural life of the Tribal communities in Goa. The Indian
democratic state accords several statutes in the constitution where the Rights of Tribal
communities are protected and Social Justice is determined. However, the current
democratic experiment has not been successful.
In order, the first movement began from Tribal’s Communities to fight their Rights in
the state of Goa. All Tribal people within or outside of state have a thing in commonthey
all share a history of injustice. The present paper explores within the largerframework of human rights in general and how Tribal rights violated in particular in
the state of Goa.
Key words: Tribal Society, codification, Human Rights, Social Justice, constitutional
framework. 
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Bakshi, P. (2002). The Cositutional of India. Delhi: universial Law Publishing. Basu, D. D. (2002). Introducation to the Consitution of India. Agra: wadhwa and company law publishers. BIBLIOGRAPHY \l 1033 Basu. (1985). Tribal Devlopment Programmes and Admisntration in india. New Delhi: National Book Publication. corriea. (2006). Goa History from 10,000 BC-AD 1958. Panaji-Goa: Maur publish Pvt.Ltd. jain, S. C. (2000). The Consitution of India :Selcet Issues &Perceptions. New Delhi: Taxmann Publications. Kagzi, & jain, M. C. (2001). The consitutional of India (Vol. 1 & 2). New Delhi: India Law House. Majumdar, D. N. (1944). Affairs of aTribes:AStudy in Tribal Dynamic. Lucknow: Universial Punlisher. Majumdar, D. N. (1944). Fortunes of Primitive Tribes. Lucknow: Universal punlication. Raizada, A. (1984). Tribal Devlopment in Madhy pradesh. New Delhi: Inter-India Publication. Pylee. (2003). consitutional Amendments in India. Delhi: universial law.
ASSORTED TRENDS IN POWER ELECTRONICS

Gurmant Singh Grewal

Page No.: 3117 - 3122

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Power electronics is widely used in many major industrial applications, power supply, battery
management system, smart grid etc. Huge demand emerges in the major industrial applications
for power , electronics expertise, which requires the theory of power electronics and the real
industrial needs to be combined tightly. Most renewable energy resources tend to be
geographical dependent and clustered in certain areas due to availability of natural resources.
This paper illustrates basic history of power electronics including various trends in this industry
with its certain prime applications.
Keywords: Power electronics, Ecodesign, Smart grid, Efficiency. 
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Issa Batarseh, "Power Electronic Circuits" by John Wiley, 2003. S.K. Mazumder, "High-Frequency Inverters: From Photovoltaic, Wind, and Fuel-Cell based Renewable- and Alternative-Energy DER/DG Systems to Battery based Energy-Storage Applications", Book Chapter in Power Electronics handbook, Editor M.H. Rashid, Academic Press, Burlington, Massachusetts, 2010.V. Gureich "Electronic Devices on Discrete Components for Industrial and Power Engineering", CRC Press, New York, 2008, 418 p. Editor: Semikron, Authors: Dr. Ulrich Nicolai, Dr. Tobias Reimann, Prof. Jürgen Petzoldt, Josef Lutz: Application Manual IGBT- and MOSFET-power modules, 1. edition, ISLE Verlag, 1998, ISBN 3-932633-24-5 online version Ned Mohan, "Power Electronic Circuits: An Overview," In the Conference Rec. of IEEEIECON' 88, pp. 522-527, 1988 B.K. Bose, POWER ELECTRONICS AND DRIVES, (Prentice Hall ).
ROLE OF TEACHER IN INCULCATION OF SELF AWARENESS

Mrs Chandan Shingte

Page No.: 3123 - 3128

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http://www.sunypress.edu/pdf/60549.pdf http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S104160800800109X?np=y http://www.pathwaytohappiness.com/self-awareness.htm http://uwispace.sta.uwi.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/2139/12469/Tricia%20Ramtahal- Metivier.pdf?sequence=1 http://www.kumj.com.np/issue/3/170-176.pdf http://www.wright.edu/~scott.williams/LeaderLetter/selfawareness.htm http://www.mindfuleducation.org/mindfulnessforchildren.pdf http://www.researchersworld.com/vol1/Paper_11.pdf http://www.teachthought.com/learning/26-questions-every-student-should-be-able-to-answer/ http://www.selfgrowth.com/articles/40_Questions_To_Improve_Your_Self_Awareness.html http://www.e-trainme.com/questionnaire1.html http://www.vtaide.com/lifeskills/knowself.htm http://www.cbse.nic.in/cce/life_skills_cce.pdf
A PRINCIPAL'S PURVIEW OF LEARNING DISABILITIES IN CONTEMPORARY SCHOOLS: AWARENESS, CHALLENGES & TRAINING PROGRAMMES

Ms. Pinaze Dubash & Smita Phatak

Page No.: 3129 - 3133

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Aggarwal, Y. (2008). Revitalisation of education statistics in India. Issues and strategies. Available at: http://www.dise.in/webpages/Edstat1.htm Alur, M. (2007). Education of children and young adults. Presentation made at the People with disabilities in India: status, challenges and prospects workshop held at World Bank (New Delhi: India), November. Department of School Education and Literacy (2006). Third Joint Review Mission of SSA in 2006. Available from: http://ssa.nic.in/monitoring/mainjrm03.asp. Singal, N. (2009). “Paper commissioned for the EFA Global Monitoring Report 2010, Reaching the marginalized” National Council of Educational Research and Training (2005). The national focus group on education of children with special needs. Position paper. Available from: http://www.ncert.nic.in/sites/publication/schoolcurriculum/Position_Papers/Special%20 Needs%20Education%20Final%20.pdf Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (2007). Inclusive education in SSA. Available at:164.100.51.121/inclusive-education/Inclusive_Edu_May07.pdf Singal, N. (2008b). Working towards inclusion: Reflections from the classroom. Teaching and Teacher Education, 24, 1516-1529.
SANVAD KAUSHALYA VIKASASATHI TAYAR KELELYA UPKRAMACHYA PARINAMKARKATECHA ABHYAS

Meghana Dev & Chandan Shingte

Page No.: 3134 - 3138

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CYBER CRIME AND CYBER TERRORISM ARE CONCERNS FOR EVERY SECTOR

Veena Devi Trivedi

Page No.: 3212 - 3217

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Cyber Crime is the use of Internet attacks in criminal activities, including acts of deliberate,
large-scale disruption of computer networks, especially computers of personal use attached to
the Internet, by the means of tools such as computer viruses. Cyber terrorism is a dual meaning
term. Some authors choose a very narrow definition, relating to terrorist activities, by known
terrorist organizations, of disruption attacks against information systems for the primary
purpose of creating alarm and panic. By this narrow definition, it is difficult to identify any
instances of cyber terrorism.Cyber terrorism can also be understood as the intentional use of
computer, networks, and public internet to cause destruction and harm for personal
objectives. Objectives may be political or ideological since this can be seen as a form of
terrorism. There is much concern from government, public and media sources about potential
damages that could be caused by cyber terrorism, and this has prompted official responses from
government agencies. Several minor incidents of cyber terrorism have been documented.
Key Words: Issues, Cyber, Crime, Terrorism 
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_crime.Retrieved on 9th April 2015. David Mann And Mike Sutton (2011-11-06). "Netcrime". Bjc.oxfordjournals.org. Retrieved 07th Oct 2015. Halder, D., & Jaishankar, K. (2011) Cyber crime and the Victimization of Women: Laws, Rights, and Regulations. Hershey, PA, USA: IGI Global. ISBN 978-1-60960-830-9 "Cyber Warfare And The Crime Of Aggression: The Need for Individual Accountability on Tomorrow’s Battlefield". Law.duke.edu. Retrieved on 01 Oct 2015. "Sex,Lies and Cybercrime Surveys". Microsoft. 2011-06-15. Retrieved 02 Oct 2015. "Future Crimes". Retrieved 8 Oct 2015. http://www.giac.org/paper/gsec/3108/countering-cyber-terrorism-effectively-readyrumble/ 105154.Retrieved on 07th Oct 2015
TO KNOW THE IMPORTANCE OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY IN COMMERCIAL KITCHENS: A STUDY OF CRUISE LINES AND HOTELS

Munish Ahlawat

Page No.: 3145 - 3161

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Food microbiology is a vital component in ensuring the safety and stability of the food that we
eat. Like all technical subjects, it is full of jargon that can appear complex and difficult to nonmicrobiological
staff. Understanding the basics of food microbiology and its importance in
maintaining food safety is vital .United states of America has very strict rules and regulations
regarding the food hygiene and safety and so my basis for this research started way back when I
was working in one of the cruise liners at USA and further after working in many five star hotels
,I managed to gather food samples and thorough microbiological evaluation was done in the
microbiology lab of the cruise liners and hotels. The hotels executive chef and the microbiologist
was a big help in allowing taking the food samples and using the microbiology lab equipments in
order to get the food sample results. Interviews were conducted and data collected on their
knowledge of risk perception, food handling practices, temperature control, food borne
pathogens, and personal hygiene.
The food tests were conducted to know and gather knowledge about Salmonella and
staphylococcus aureus. The lack of current knowledge of food hygiene and safety among hotels
and restaurant staff highlights increased risk associated with food in India.
Keywords: restaurants, food safety, food borne pathogens, hygiene, cross-contamination. 
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Todd, E. C. D. 2003. Microbiological safety standards and public health goals to reduce food borne diseases. Meat Science 66: 33-43 Humphrey, Tom et al.; O'Brien, S; Madsen, M 2007. "Campylobacters as zoonotic pathogens: A food production perspective ." International Journal of Food Microbiology 117 (3): 237–57 Mead, P.S., Slutsker, L., Dietz, V., McCaig, J.S., Shapiro, C., Griffin, P.M., &Tauxe, R.V. 1999. “Food-related illness and death in the United States.” Emerging Infectious Diseases 5(5): 607-622 Wilson ME. 2005. "Diarrhea in nontravelers: risk and etiology." Clin. Infect. Dis. 41 (Suppl 8): S541–6. Angulo, F. J., Timothy, F. J. and Angulo, F. J. 2006. Eating in restaurants; A Rich Factor for Food borne Disease? Clinical Infectious Diseases 43(10): 1324-1328. Rhodehamel, E. J., (1992). Overview of biological , chemical and physical hazards. In: HACCP Principles and Applications .(Ed: Pierson, M.D., and Corlett Jr,D.A.), London: Chapman & Hall. Schmidt, K. (1995). WHO surveillance programme for control of food borne infections and intoxications in Europe. Berlin, Federal Institute for Health Protection of Consumers and Veterinary Medicine, 6th report 1990- 1992. Go, F. M., Monachello, M. L., and Baun, T. (1996). Human Resource Management in the Hospitalty Industry. New York: J.Willey & Sons. Griffith, C. J. (2006). Food safety where from and where to. British Food Journal, 108, (1), pp. 6- 15. Hardie, R. M., Wall, P. G., Go, H. P., Bardhan, M., and Barleth, C. R. L. (1999). Infections diarrhea in tourists staying in a resort hotel. Emerging Infection Disease, 5, (1), pp. 168- 171. FullerF.1996. “US meat export analysis and trade news. Meat Export Research Center. Iowa State University”. Amesia(4), 1-5 BensinkJ, Boland P.1979. “Possible pathways of contamination of meat and bone meal with Salmonella”. Australia Veterianry Journal(55), 521-524
ROOTS AND SHADOWS: A STUDY OF FEMINIST APPROACH

Sudesh Sharma

Page No.: 3162 - 3169

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The term feminism was first used by the French dramatist Alexander Dumas, the younger,
in 1872 in a pamphlet ‘L’ ‘Home-femme’ to designate the then emerging movement for
women’s rights. An anti-masculinity movement of the women for the assertion of their
individual rights, feminism is also called Aphorism after Aphra Behn, a seventeenth century
feminist and political activist. 
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Beauvoir, Simone de. The Second Sex(trans.) H,M. Parshley, Harmondsworth, 1974. --- London : Pan Books, 1988. Desai, Anita. Voices in the City, Delhi : Orient Paperbacks, 1982. --- “An Interview with Yasodhara Dalmia”, The Times of India, April 29,1983. Deshpande, Shashi. Interview by Vanamala Viswanatha, “A woman’s word….” Literature Alive. 1, December 3, 1987. --- Roots and Shadows, New Delhi : Orient Longman, 1983. (Issued as a Disha Book, 1998). Miller, Jean Baker. Towards a New Psychology of Women, Harmondsworth, 1983 Nahal, Chaman. “Feminism in English Fiction : Forms and Variations” in sushila Singh (ed), Feminism and Recent Fiction in English, New Delhi : Prestige, 1991. Tong, Rosemarie. Feminist Thought, London : Routledge, 1993.
A STUDY OF MENTAL HEALTH OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN RELATION TO SEX AND HABITATION

Satinder Kaur, Ram Niwas & Vijay Kumar Rai

Page No.: 3170 - 3177

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Mental health is a positive state of well-being and a combination of good mental, emotional,
social and physical status. The present study was undertaken by the investigators to find out
influence of sex and habitation on mental health of high school students. A sample of 600 high
school students (300 male and 300 female) students of X class were drawn randomly from 30
schools of six districts of Punjab. Mental Health Scale by Dr. Vijay Kumar Rai (1994) was used
to measure mental health of high school students. Mean standard deviation and two-way
analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed to test hypotheses. The findings of the study
reveals that no significant difference exist between male and female students but significant
difference was found between rural and urban students in favour of urban students. No
significant interaction effect was found significant between sex and habitation on mental health
Keywords: mental health, sex, habitation 
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Anand, S.P. (1989). Mental Health of high school students. Indian Educational Review (IER), Vol.24 (2), 14-24. Babu, M.Rajendra Nath (2013). Impact of mental health status on academic achievement. Indian Journal of Applied Research, Vol.3(8), 189-191. Bandhana and Sharma, Darshana P. (2012). Home Environment, Mental Health and Academic Achievement among Hr. Secondary School Students. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Vol. 2(5), 1-4. Chawla, Anita (2012) Mental Health And Its Relation To Academic Achievement. A Brief Note On Auto-suggestion To Improve Mental Health. Indian Streams Research Journal, Vol. 2(7), 1-7. Choudhary, Nand kishor (2013). A Study of Mental Health in Relation to Family Environment and Gender Of School Going Adolescents. PARIPEX- Indian Journal of Research, Vol. 3(4), 61-62. Dheventhiran, G. and Babu, R. (2013). A study on the mental health and its relationship with achievement in mathematics of higher secondary students. International Journal of Teacher Educational Research (IJTER) Vol.2 (3), 9-13. Kumar, Naresh and Grewal, Kuldip Kaur (2014). Mental health of school going adolescents: A comparative study. Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies, Vol. II(XV), 2444-2449. Kumari, P. Lavanya (2012). Influencing factors of Mental Health of Adolescents at School Level. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science,Vol. 5(40), 48-56. Manjuvani (1995). Sex, Type of School, Standard and Mental Health Status of High School Students. Experiments in Education, 23, 83-87. Nanda, A.K. (1999). Mental health: Conceptual Frame-work. Darshana International, 29(4), 56- 61. Nanda, A.K. (2001) Mental Health of High School Students: A Comparative Study. Indian Psychology Review, 56(1), 2-7. Perumal, R. (2008). Mental Health Status and Locus of Control – A Study with Reference to Eight Standard English Students Achievement. Journal of Educational Research and Extension, Vol. 45 (4),
ROLE OF TEACHER IN SELF MANAGEMENT

Chandan Shingte

Page No.: 3178 - 3181

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Goldstein F. C., & Levin H. S. (1987). Disorders of reasoning and management ability. In M. Meier, A. Benton, & L. Diller (Eds.), Neuropsychological rehabilitation. London: Taylor & Francis Group. 2. Bernd Zimmermann, On pshycological self management processes and history of mathematics, University of Jena 3. Rubin, M., Watt, S. E., & Ramallah, M. (2012). Immigrants’ social integration as a function of approach-avoidance orientation and problem-solving style. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36, 498-505. doi:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2011.12.009 4. Dunker, K. (1935). Our Psychologie des produktiven Dickens [The psychology of management]. Berlin: Julius Springer.
ENHANCING PROFESSIONAL CAPACITIES OF STUDENT TEACHERS

Chandan Shingte

Page No.: 3182 - 3184

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Fullan,M.(1990), Change Forces: Probing the Depths of Educational Reform, London: Falmer Press. Radha Mohan.,(2013).Teacher Education, Delhi: Shipra Publication.
IMPLEMENTATION OF ALTERNATE SCHOOLING AND EDUCATION GUARANTEE SCHAME IN JUMMU AND KASHMIR: AN EVALUATIVE STUDY

Wakil Ahmad Ganai & Geeta Rani

Page No.: 3185 - 3192

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The present study is an attempt to evaluate the Implementation of Alternate schooling and
Education Guarantee Scheme in Jammu and Kashmir: The sample of this study included 150
alternate school teachers/centers, by using random sampling method. The self constructed
questionnaire and interview schedule was used by the investigator in order to collect the data.
The data was collected on the basis of availability of infrastructure facilities, school
management, classroom practices, learning materials etc. The data was analyzed by calculating
the percentage of responses and qualitative analysis. It was found that mostly all the EGS
centers lack the proper infrastructure facilities as almost all the schools opened under SSA are
facing accommodation problems.
Keywords: alternate schooling, education guarantee scheme, Jammu & Kashmir, SSA 
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Ehyog (2005). Education Guarantee Scheme and Alternative and Innovative Education, http://www.dise.in/webpages/egs&as.html. Kumar (2006). Effectiveness of national programme of nutrition support to primary education in districts of Himachal Pradesh: An evaluated study. M.Phil Dissertation in Himachal Pradesh University Shimla Pollitt (1990). Extension of target under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, http://www.ncert.nic.in/html/pdf/Publication/Journal2008/Annual%20Report%20Engli sh%2006-07/Chapter%203.pdf Punjab News Line network, (2008) .Punjab to upgrade 31 education guarantee scheme centers to regular primary schools, http://www.punjabnewsline.com/content/view/11941/38/ Rama (2004). A report on Akshradasoha scheme of Kartanatka University Dharwad, Kartanatka Rana (2004) .Economic and political weekly feb 8 http://www.fundaschool.org/whatsit.html
SCIENTIFIC TEMPER AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF RURAL AND URBAN SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Nighat Basu & Sabahat Aslam

Page No.: 3193 - 3204

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The present research was taken up with broad objective to study the scientific temper and
academic achievement of rural and urban secondary school students in Kashmir valley. The
sample comprised of 400 secondary school students (200 Rural and 200 Urban students). The
sample for the study was selected randomly from the different schools of Srinagar (as urban
district) and Bandipora (as rural district). The sample was selected in such a way to ensure that
every unit of the population could get equal chance to be selected in the sample. Scientific
Temper Scale developed by Prof. Nadeem’s and Showkat’s Scientific was administered for the
present sample and Academic Achievement was obtained from the previous two years
performance records of the sample subjects. Result findings suggest insignificant difference
between rural and urban secondary school student`s on Scientific Temper. The results also
suggest significant mean difference between rural and urban students on their Academic
Achievement and urban student`s have higher Academic Achievement as compared to rural
secondary school students.
Keywords: Scientific temper, academic achievement, rural, urban, secondary school students 
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Aasiya Maqbool, Hafiz Mudasir, Andleep Zehta (2014) Scientific Temper of Government and Private Secondary School Students - A Comparative Study. Reports and Opinion 6(1):18-20. Agarwal A., (2002) A study of relationship of academic achievement of boys and girls with intelligence, socio-economic status, size of the family and birth order of the child. Indian Journal of Educational, vol. 5(6): 43-46. Arbona, C. (2000). The Development of Academic Achievement in School Aged Children: Precursors to Career Development. Handbook of counseling Psychology (3rd ed.), pp.270-309).New York: Wiley Dubey, K. (2000) A Study of the scientific temper and its measurement .Fifth Survey of Educational Research vol.2 pp-1240-1241 Hau Jen Tsung (2008) Influences on the academic self concept on academic achievement from a perspective of learning motivation. Contemporary Educational Psychology.
AVALUE CONFLICT AND SPIRITUAL INTELLIGENCE OF CROSS-CULTURAL UNDERGRADUATES

Zahoor Ahmad & Geeta Rani

Page No.: 3205 - 3211

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In the present study the investigator attempts to find out significant relationship between Value
conflict and spiritual intelligence among cross-cultural undergraduates. The investigator has
used two self constructed Scales, a Scale on Value Conflict and also a Scale on Spiritual
Intelligence for data collection. The sample consists of 150 cross-culture undergraduates from
three different countries, 50 Indians, 50 Bhutanese and 50 undergraduates from Zambia. In this
study purposive sampling technique was employed to draw the sample. The major finding of the
study reveals that there exists a significant relationship between value conflict and spiritual
intelligence of cross-cultural undergraduates
Keywords: value conflict, spiritual intelligence, cross-culture, undergraduates 
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Chae (2008). Asian values and perfections of intergenerational family conflict among Asian American students. Cultural diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 14 (3), 205-214. Covey, Stephen. (2004). 8th Habit: From Effectiveness to Greatness (Simon and Schuster) David, B. King (2009). Intelligence reframed: multiple intelligences for the 21st century. The International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, 28 Emmons, R. A. (1999). Spirituality and intelligence: problems and prospects. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 10 (1), 57-64. Hoshani, (2010). Factors that May Contribute to Individual Differences in Spiritual Intelligence. Adolescence and Spiritual Intelligence. 2 (2). Robin (1970). Differentiating conflicts in beliefs versus Tradeoffs in the Domestic intelligence policy. Debate Published Article 92. Tisdell, E. J. (2003). Exploring spirituality and culture in adult and higher education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Vaughan, F. (2002). What is Spiritual Intelligence? Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 42 ( 2), 16-33. Vogel, D. Seaberry, J. Barnes, PE. & Kelley, KM. (2003). Handling school conflict: Training leaders for effective peer intervention. Acta Criminologica, 16, 27-39. Yang, K. (2006). The spiritual intelligence of nurses in Taiwan. Journal of Nursing Research, 14(1), 24-35.
THE EVALUATION OF GOVERNMENT SCHEMES FOR BPL FAMILIES IN INDIA

Tanaji Salve

Page No.: 3213 - 3217

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From the beginning of India’s first five year plan government started various schemes
for poverty reduction programme. Because of the government schemes poverty ratio of India are
reduced. Government spent so much money for below poverty line families but government does
not achieve the expected target. Poverty exists not only in India but its presence is worldwide.
Poverty is focused as a hurdle into development. Poverty creates economics as well as social
problems that harm the society at large. In order to increase in self employment, Integrated
Rural Development Programme, Janani Surksha Yojana, Balika Samruthi Yojana, Allowance
for presence in the schools for marginalised, SCs and STs students, Suvarn Jayanti Gram
Swayam Rojgar Yojana, Indira Awas Yojana, different types of scheme are implemented by the
Govt.
Key word: Poverty, Government Schemes for BPL 
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Ahuja Ram, Social Problems in India, Rawat Publication, New Delhi, 2007, pp.27-57 Dandekar V.M. & Rath Nilkanth, Poverty in India, Indian School of Political Economy, Pune, Jan. 26, 1971, pp. 8-9 Government of India, Arjun Sengupta Report, From National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganized Sector, Year, pp.5 & 7 Government of India, N.C. Saxena Committee report, Ministry of Rural Development, Expert Group on the Methodology for conducting the BPL Census for 11th Five Year Plan, August, 2009, pp.05 Government of India, Planning Commission, Export Group to Review the Methodology for Estimation of Poverty, Tendulkar Committee Report, 2009, pp.17 W R Varada Rajan, Towards A Universal Social Security System or A Mere Bunch of Unrealistic Prescriptions?, People’s Democracy, Vol. XXX, No. 26, June 25, 2006) Government of India, Ministry of Rural Development, Expert Group on the Methodology for conducting the BPL Census for 11th Five Year Plan, August, 2009, pp.05 Sen Amartya, Poverty and Famine: An Essay on Enlightment and Deprivation, 1981 Government of India, Suresh Tendulkar Report, Nov., 2009, pp.32 Government of India, Human Development Report, 2010, pp.26 Government of Maharashtra, Economic Survey-2010-11, pp. 3 &7
ANALYSIS OF HEAVY METALS IN MEDICINAL PLANTS GROWING IN RAIGAD DISTRICT

Baliram T. Vibhute & Rakesh L. Pawar

Page No.: 3218 - 3226

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 Medicinal plants were the best source of therapeutic molecules to cure various diseases in the in the different living organism. The amount of heavy metals in the plants was analyzed to show the adverse affects to the animals and human beings who consume them as such or their derived products. The work is more beneficial as the actual nutrient content of the medicinal plants in terms of the essential trace elements could also be identified. The concentration levels (mg/l) of the selected trace metals (Ni, Cu, Cr, Zn, Mn, Pb) were estimated in some of the important herbal plants of the Raigad district. The atomic absorption spectrophotometer was employed for the estimation of heavy metals of five different plant species that were collected from different locations within Riagad district. The plants selected for the analysis were Emblica officinalis, Phyllanthus emblica, Ocimum tenuiflorum. Azadirachta indica and Balanites aegyptiaca. The metal contents in the samples were determined and was found that Emblica officinalis has the level of metals in the range of Cu>Cr>Mn>Zn, Phyllanthus emblica Cu>Cr>Zn>Mn, in Ocimum tenuiflorum Cu>Mn> Cr>Zn. In Azadirachta indica has Cu>Zn>Cr>Mn and Balanites aegyptiaca has Cu>Mn>Zn>Cr. Nickel and lead was found completely absent in all the five plants investigated.
Keywords: Heavy metals, Balanites aegyptiaca, Emblica officinalis, Phyllanthus emblica, Azadirachta indica.
 
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Al Moaruf Olukayode Ajas, Muibat Olabisi Bello, Asiata Omotayo Ibrahim, Isiaka Ajani Ogunwande, Nureni Olayide Olawore, Food Chemistry., 2004, 85, 67–71. Sabahat Saeed, Perween Tariq, Pak. J. Bot., 2007, 39(3), 913-91 K.H Khan, Botany Research International., 2009, 2 (4), 218-228. A.J Al-Rehaily, T.A Al-Howiriny, M.O Al-Sohaibani, , S. Rafatullah, Phytomedicine., 2002, 9, 515-522.
MADRASA EDUCATION SYSTEM IN KERALA : AN OVERVIEW

K. Mohammed Basheer

Page No.: 3226 - 3235

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The Madrasa system that operates in Kerala is a highly effective machinery for imparting basic religious education to the growing generation up to plus two level which is run in a smooth manner with well defined aims and objectives supported by a well planned curriculum, syllabi and other tools required for an educational system . It is designed in such a way that a student can pursue his religious studies together with modern education in schools. Hence, in Kerala almost every Muslim child essentially passes through the madrasa education system by the time it reaches the age of adolescence. However, the engagement with Madrasas does not hinder in any way their achievements and progress in the field of modern education. It rather contributes to their all round development and specially helps in their moral and spiritual development. This study will give an overview of Kerala Madrasa Education system and its evolution through decades and outline of various Madrasa Boards working in Kerala. Key words: Muslim Education, Madrasa Education, Curriculum Revision, Instructional strategies, Dars System, Othupalli
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Abbas, Thahir . ( 2011). Islam and Education. London & New York: Routledge. Abdalla, A. et al. (2006). Improving the Quality of Islamic Education in Developing Countries: Innovative Approaches, Creative Associates: Washington D.C.
MENTAL HEALTH AND WELL-BEING AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN

Najma Begum

Page No.: 3236 - 3244

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We hear from teacher about mental health problems among children and youth have become a major issue facing in schools – attention deficit disorders, learning disabilities, stress, anxiety disorders, bullying, angry management, irritation and depression are the most pressing concerns identified by them. As educators we need to understand the role of mental health plays in the school context- because it is so central to our students’ social, emotional and academic success. Children come to school each day with more than their lunch and backpacks. The bring life factors that shape their learning and development. The daily action of effective teacher and their positive relationship with their students actively promote the mental health of students. In this paper the researcher has made an attempt how schools can implement mental health promotion strategies, mental health literacy through curriculum development and application, which may enhance knowledge about mental health, change attitudes in both students and teachers, and decrease the stigma associated with mental disorders. Teachers make a difference in the lives of students and that all students can learn in their classroom and sky is the limit for them. Teachers should help the students to overcome academic stress through proper relaxation activities and they must posses’ patience, empathy, awareness, knowledge innovation to handle various mental disabilities in their classroom. The role of health education in the promotion of mental health among students can be overemphasized. In this regard promotion of mental health literacy among school children and the role of various agencies are discussed in detail. Key words: School, Teachers, Well-bein
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Adelman, H.S., & Taylor, L. (2006) School and community collaboration to promote a safe learning environment: State Education Standard. Journal of the National Association of State Boards of Education, 7, 38-43. Alberta Ministry of Education (2008) Safe and caring schools
FEMALE IDENTITY AND SOCIAL EXPECTATIONS IN PRIDE AND PREJUDICE

Dr. Neeru varshney

Recived Date: 2015-10-25 | Accepted Date: 2015-11-28 | Published Date: 2015-12-02

Page No.: 3245 - 3253

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Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice is a significant literary work that explores the complex relationship between female identity and social expectations within the patriarchal society of early nineteenth-century England. The novel portrays the challenges faced by women whose social status, economic security, and personal futures were largely determined by marriage and adherence to societal norms. Through the character of Elizabeth Bennet, Austen presents a strong and intelligent heroine who challenges conventional expectations regarding gender roles, class hierarchy, and marital choices. This study examines how female identity is constructed and negotiated in the novel through the experiences of Elizabeth Bennet and other female characters, including Jane Bennet, Charlotte Lucas, and Lydia Bennet. It further investigates the influence of social conventions, family expectations, and class structures on women’s decisions and opportunities. By analyzing the themes of marriage, autonomy, self-respect, and social mobility, the study highlights Austen’s critique of restrictive gender norms and her advocacy for women’s moral and intellectual independence. The findings suggest that Pride and Prejudice not only reflects the realities of women’s lives in Regency England but also challenges the limitations imposed upon them, making the novel a timeless commentary on female empowerment, individuality, and the pursuit of personal fulfillment within a socially constrained environment.

Keywords:  Female Identity, Social Expectations, Gender Roles, Marriage, Pride and Prejudice



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