SCHOLARLY RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES

Inclusive education is a system of Education in  which special children are included in general classroom with general students. It is the practice of educating all children, including those with disabilities, marginalized backgrounds, and special needs, in mainstream classrooms . It has emerged as a cornerstone of India's educational reform agenda. Jhansi district, situated in the Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh (UP), presents a complex socio-economic landscape that directly shapes the accessibility and quality of inclusive education. This paper examines the current position of inclusive education in Jhansi district, analyzing the policy framework, ground-level implementation of schemes such as Samagra Shiksha and the Right to Education (RTE) Act 2009, the status of children with special needs (CwSN), enrollment and dropout patterns, infrastructure gaps, teacher preparedness, and the role of NGOs and community stakeholders. The paper identifies significant challenges including inadequate numbers of trained special educators, poor physical accessibility of school infrastructure, social stigma, and inadequate assessment mechanisms. The paper concludes with actionable recommendations for strengthening the inclusive education ecosystem in Jhansi.

The fast pace at which urbanisation has taken place in Indian urban centres has increased the spatial mismatch of solid waste generation and processing facilities, leading to operational inefficiencies, environmental degradation and public health risks. The study proposes an optimization framework for solid waste management (SWM) infrastructure in Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation (PCMC) which is an industrial city of Pune metropolitan region (PMR), Maharashtra, India with a projected population of 27.3 lakh and total waste generation of 1200–1300 metric tonnes per day (MT/day) in the year 2026. The study incorporates data on waste generation at ward level, population density mapping and road network analysis using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to pinpoint the spatial hotspot of waste generation in the 32 wards of PCMC. A P-Median location-allocation problem is solved on a road network graph created from the OpenStreetMap (OSM) data to find the optimal placement of transfer stations and processing facilities to cover a given area with a minimum aggregate transportation distance. The current service delivered by three transfer stations and a single centralized landfill at Moshi was compared with the optimized outputs from the allocation, which identified significant gaps to service coverage, especially in wards along the periphery and in high-density wards. The results show that the method of allocation based on demand, with the help of GIS, significantly decreases the distances of transportation, distributes the load of infrastructure more uniformly and offers a scalable planning framework that is compatible with the goals of the Swachh Bharat Mission 2.0.

This case discusses rural people's entrepreneurial training and examines the finance-related complications trainees face after completing the training program. The RSETI (Rural Self Employment Training Institute) program has a strategy of providing entrepreneurs with short-term training and long-term support. RSETI is an initiative by the Government of India to help rural people start their businesses by providing proper training facilities for educating them and inculcating the necessary skills required for starting a business. Young people aged between 18 to 45 years are eligible to join the training program. The RSETIs have established themselves as pioneers in capturing rural youth ambitions and turning them into prosperous entrepreneurs by teaching underprivileged rural youth and giving them training about various skills which can be used to start their businesses. In order to understand the problems faced by trainees while starting their business, 15 trainees were interviewed who completed their training from RSETI. The study contributes to the extant literature of rural entrepreneurship by analyzing the financial dilemmas that are faced by trainees after completing the training program and the measures that can be taken to overcome these problems.

Folklore serves as an organic epistemological archive for indigenous and agrarian societies, chronicling existential adjustments, ecological frameworks, and cosmological models. In Odisha, a state characterized by an expansive tribal (Adivasi) demography and deeply entrenched vernacular systems, folklore has historically functioned as the primary template for community life. However, the systematic expansion of state-led institutional science education has catalyzed a complex sociocultural paradigm shift. Rather than enacting a simple trajectory of cultural erasure, scientific literacy has initiated a dialectical negotiation within the domain of Odia folk culture.

This paper investigates how modern science education intersects with Odisha’s oral traditions, domestic taboos, and supernatural mythos. Utilizing a critical cultural framework, the study demonstrates that while science dismantles paralyzing, obscurantist superstitions and subverts hazardous folk-medical monopolies, it simultaneously decodes and validates the sophisticated empirical ecology embedded within indigenous folkways. The paper concludes that the interface between science education and folklore in Odisha results not in cognitive homogenization, but in a reflexive hybridity that recontextualizes traditional wisdom for contemporary survival.

Magic realism has become one of the most powerful narrative modes of modern and postmodern fiction. It became internationally prominent through Latin American writers, especially Gabriel García Márquez, whose One Hundred Years of Solitude transformed the literary understanding of reality, history, myth, and collective memory. In Márquez’s fiction, magic realism is deeply connected with community, colonial history, political violence, oral tradition, and cultural memory. The magical is not treated as an escape from reality but as a fuller way of representing realities that conventional realism cannot express. Haruki Murakami, writing from a different cultural and historical background, reimagines magic realism in a postmodern Japanese and global context. In Murakami’s novels, magical and surreal elements are less connected with collective history and more closely linked with alienation, divided identity, trauma, consumer culture, and metaphysical uncertainty. This paper examines the movement of magic realism from Márquez to Murakami and argues that Murakami does not merely imitate the Latin American model. Instead, he transforms magic realism into a postmodern mode of representing fragmented consciousness and unstable reality. Through Márquez’s One Hundred Years of Solitude and Murakami’s Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World, Kafka on the Shore, and 1Q84, the paper shows how magic realism shifts from a communal and historical mode to an individual, psychological, and postmodern one.

Teacher education serves as the cornerstone for preparing competent and reflective professionals capable of addressing contemporary educational challenges. Reflective teaching has emerged as a significant pedagogical approach that enables teachers to critically evaluate their instructional practices and enhance professional competencies. The present study examined the effectiveness of reflective teaching practices on the professional competencies of pre-service teachers. An experimental research design involving pre-test and post-test control groups was employed. Sixty B.Ed. student teachers were selected through random sampling and assigned equally to experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent an eight-week reflective teaching intervention comprising reflective journals, peer observations, self-assessment activities, and guided reflective discussions. Data were collected using a Professional Competency Scale developed and validated by the researcher. Statistical techniques including Mean, Standard Deviation, Percentage, and t-test were used for data analysis. The results revealed a statistically significant difference between the competency scores of the experimental and control groups. The findings indicate that reflective teaching practices significantly contribute to the development of professional competencies among pre-service teachers. The study recommends the integration of structured reflective practices into teacher education curricula.

Keywords: Reflective Teaching, Teacher Education, Professional Competencies, Pre-Service Teachers, Reflective Practice, Professional Development

Teacher education serves as the cornerstone for preparing competent and reflective professionals capable of addressing contemporary educational challenges. Reflective teaching has emerged as a significant pedagogical approach that enables teachers to critically evaluate their instructional practices and enhance professional competencies. The present study examined the effectiveness of reflective teaching practices on the professional competencies of pre-service teachers. An experimental research design involving pre-test and post-test control groups was employed. Sixty B.Ed. student teachers were selected through random sampling and assigned equally to experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent an eight-week reflective teaching intervention comprising reflective journals, peer observations, self-assessment activities, and guided reflective discussions. Data were collected using a Professional Competency Scale developed and validated by the researcher. Statistical techniques including Mean, Standard Deviation, Percentage, and t-test were used for data analysis. The results revealed a statistically significant difference between the competency scores of the experimental and control groups. The findings indicate that reflective teaching practices significantly contribute to the development of professional competencies among pre-service teachers. The study recommends the integration of structured reflective practices into teacher education curricula.

Keywords: Reflective Teaching, Teacher Education, Professional Competencies, Pre-Service Teachers, Reflective Practice, Professional Development

This research is aligned with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 and explores the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in reshaping teacher education in India. The study examines the perceptions of teacher trainees about the use of AI-driven tools to enhance curriculum development, improve assessment techniques and support continuous professional development in the teacher preparation process. The research combines a comprehensive literature review with primary data collected from 80 pre-service teachers from Mumbai. Quantitative data from Likert-scale questionnaire and qualitative feedback from open-ended responses indicate that while most trainee teachers perceive AI as a valuable tool for personalized learning, efficient planning and real-time feedback, they also express concerns about digital readiness, infrastructure gaps and ethical implications. The overall findings highlight a significant gap between NEP’s vision and on-ground reality. The paper offers practical suggestions for policymakers and teacher education institutions. It also guides educators towards implementing curriculum reform, enhancing digital infrastructure, training faculty and strengthening ethical governance.

Key Words: Teacher Education, Artificial Intelligence, AI-Driven Strategies, NEP 2020

The present study investigated both the immediate and sustained effects of a structured Rajyoga Meditation programme on the emotional intelligence and academic achievement of adolescents. The primary objective was to determine whether the benefits acquired through meditation persisted after participants discontinued regular practice. Initially, 100 secondary school students participated in the study; however, complete data were obtained from 82 adolescents who successfully completed all phases of the investigation. Participants were assigned to either an experimental group, which received Rajyoga Meditation training, or a waiting control group that engaged in supervised sports activities for an equivalent duration of 88 days. Emotional intelligence was assessed using a standardized scale, while academic achievement was measured through students' examination scores obtained from school records. Assessments were conducted at three stages: before the intervention (pre-test), immediately after completion of the programme (post-test), and 90 days after the intervention had ended (delayed post-test). The findings revealed significant improvements in both emotional intelligence and academic achievement among students who participated in Rajyoga Meditation compared with the control group. Although a slight reduction in scores was observed during the delayed assessment, the experimental group continued to demonstrate significantly higher performance than the control group. These findings suggest that Rajyoga Meditation contributes to meaningful improvements in adolescents' emotional and academic functioning, and that many of these benefits remain evident even after formal practice has ceased. The study highlights the potential value of incorporating structured meditation programmes into school education to foster students' holistic development.

Keywords: Rajyoga Meditation, Emotional Intelligence, Academic Achievement, Adolescents, School Education, Emotional Development

On the horizon of the Indian education system, the Government of India has come up with a New Education Policy 2020. The New Indian Education Policy envisages massive educational changes. Effective implementation of this policy is expected to be challenging task for every component of the education system. Understanding the spirit of NEP 2020 is the crucial for effective implementation. This paper is focuses on understanding the spirit of NEP and actions to be initiated for its effective implementation. Major outcomes of the education system envisioned by NEP 2020 are knowledge, skills and attitude. Exposure and knowledge of recent technologies, various skills to implement and apply the gained knowledge for the benefit of the society and urge to apply gained knowledge for the benefit of the society are the core values of education system as per NEP. In view of this, paper highlights changes required in the curriculum designing, teaching – learning process, examination and evaluation system with the incorporation of curricular activities. This paper is expected to help teachers in initiating various actions for effective implementation of NEP 2020. Role of external stakeholders in skill development and in providing real life exposure to students is also highlighted. 

The present study aimed to know the attitude of students towards learning Tenyidie Language at the secondary school level in Kohima Town.The sample of the study consisted of 185 students selected through stratified random sampling out of 336 taking Tenyidie from 11 private schools and 2 government schools.The tool used to collect data was, “Attitude of Students towards Language Learning (Tenyidie) at Secondary Level in Kohima Town,” based on the research works done by A. Radhika, Mukala Nimish and N. Badhri, where an initial pool of 50 items was generated and 50 statements were adapted constructed by the researcher to make it more relevant to the local context. The study found majority of the students show positive attitude towards Language Learning (Tenyidie). Further, no significant difference in the attitude of the students towards learning Tenyidie Language based on gender and type of school.

Keyword: Attitude, Language learning, Tenyidie, secondary school, gender, type of management

The teacher is most essential in the education field and he/she is the most important pillar in the development of schooling. Teaching aptitude of teacher is a significant issue in teaching and learning progress. The purpose of the study was to find out the relationship between teacher effectiveness and teaching aptitude of teachers. Research reveals a significant positive correlation between teaching aptitude and teacher effectiveness. While teaching effectiveness generally improves with higher aptitude scores, comparative studies on residential systems indicate that contextual factors—such as school management, infrastructure, and residential workload—often influence teacher efficacy. There are various segments which affect the idea of good training and add to progression of material quality, ability and character of teacher are especially basic. The piece of teachers in moldings commitment of the understudies depends upon the purpose of training. The purpose of instruction at solid is useful, dynamic and unconstrained improvement and progression of identity. A teacher is huge factor in the instructive framework it is fundamental that he/she should have specific capacity and legitimize the commitment of his business. As showed by Great (1959), showing effectiveness as "the level of accomplishment of a teacher in performing instructional and distinctive commitments decided in his distinction and demand by the possibility of his position." "An aptitude is an intrinsic, procured, learned or created segment of competency to a specific sort of work at a specific level." aptitude infers innate limit with regards to getting the hang of, comprehension or performing. The study suggests that there should be further focal point on developing aptitude skills among teachers through well supervised practices to improve their teacher effectiveness.

Keywords: Comparative Study, Teacher Effectiveness, Secondary School Teachers, Novodaya and Morarji, Residential Schools and Teaching Aptitude.

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) has emerged as an important technology in library environments because it supports faster circulation, better inventory control, improved security, and more convenient user services. Unlike traditional barcode-based systems, RFID allows library materials to be identified and processed without direct line-of-sight scanning, which makes everyday operations more efficient. This article reviews the available literature under five broad themes: RFID implementation in libraries, staff experiences, system effectiveness, comparison of HF and UHF technologies, and hardware requirements. The review indicates that RFID offers substantial operational advantages, but its success depends on proper financial planning, adequate training, compatible infrastructure, privacy protection, and regular maintenance.

Keywords: Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Library Automation, RFID in Libraries Library, Management Systems (LMS), Library Operations, Library Automation Technology HF RFID, UHF RFID, RFID Effectiveness, Library Inventory Management, Library Security

In the 21st century, smartphones are considered the soul and spine of human life, providing instant access to boundless information and connectivity for seamless virtual or e-interaction. This article contemplated, investigated, explored and established whether there is any relationship between smartphone addiction, depression, anxiety and loneliness. Reviews of related literature have also put forth similar citations and have shown there is a positive causal relationship between overindulgence and dependency on smartphones, paving the way for depression, anxiety and loneliness. A cross-sectional survey design has been employed to conduct the study. An online questionnaire has been disseminated to collect data in one of the undergraduate colleges of Kolkata, The Bhawanipur Education Society College. Standardised tools have been employed to check whether the youth are becoming vulnerable to smartphone syndrome, fuelling phenomena such as phubbing and posing hazards like sleep disruption to their mental wellbeing. The results revealed that smartphones have become an inevitable and indomitable companion for human existence, acting as a catalyst towards depression and anxiety.

Key words: Smartphone, Overindulgence, Anxiety, Depression, Loneliness.

Adolescence is a period of life in children where many changes take place at a faster rate. These changes include physical, psychological, emotional, and social changes. In this phase, there are significant chances of increased vulnerability to cognitive and emotional distress. The incidence of hopelessness among adolescents has gradually increased over recent years, and this influences the way adolescents think about their future and their reactions to adversity. This conceptual paper critically examines how hopelessness not only weakens resilience but also subsequently contributes in lowering achievement motivation. Through a theoretical approach, the paper discusses how persistent negative future thoughts destroy coping capacities, disrupt goal-oriented behaviour, and influence academic disengagement. This paper concludes by focusing on the important role of educators, counsellors, and policymakers in helping adolescents to overcome hopelessness. The discussion also highlights preventive approaches as well as psychosocial strategies aimed at strengthening resilience and reviving motivation. The paper concludes by emphasising the responsibility of educators, counsellors, and policymakers to create an emotionally supportive environment that will help adolescents restore hope, become resilient and promote sustained academic effort.

Keywords: hopelessness, adolescence, resilience, achievement motivation, academic engagement

Population growth and its spatial distribution serve as critical indicators of demographic transition and regional development. To understand patterns, this study examines the spatio-temporal dynamics of population growth in Maharashtra over a 110 year period (1901–2011). By leveraging Census of India data, the research analyses historical trends, which reveal that the state experienced initial stagnation (1901–1921), rapid post-independence expansion (1951–1981), and a recent deceleration signalling a mature transition. However, despite this overall slowing growth, internal spatial distribution remains highly asymmetric. Classifying 2011 Census data into six growth categories reveals that the western industrial corridor, including Thane and Pune, exhibits explosive growth driven by substantial in-migration. Conversely, the Konkan coastal belt and eastern Vidarbha demonstrate stagnant growth due to out-migration, challenging topography, and agrarian distress. By integrating geospatial visualization, this paper maps these disparities through physical, economic, and sociocultural lenses. In short, these widening regional gaps prove that the state urgently requires, decentralized regional planning to mitigate primate city congestion, revitalize stagnant rural economies, and foster equitable, sustainable development across all geographical regions of Maharashtra.

Keywords: Spatio-temporal Dynamics, Population Growth, Regional Disparities,

Demographic Transition, Decadal Variation, 1901-2011, Maharashtra.

The problem of environmental conservation is one of the hot topics in the history of human development, which originated as a spiritual and philosophical study in ancient India and turned into a scientific based activity in the modern world. This paper will give a sociological reflection on how environmental conservation was carried out in the Vedic era to that of the current society. Texts of Vedic religion such as Rigveda, Yajurveda and Atharvaveda support the sanctity of nature, interrelation of all life and ethical responsibility towards natural forces. Modern conservation of the environment in contrast is very anthropocentric and influenced by scientific knowledge, policy frameworks and global sustainability movements. Through the analysis of the practices: resource management, sacred groves, organic agriculture, and the treatment of all forms of life, this paper has revealed that the Vedic teachings can still be used today to resolve the ecological issues that we are faced with today. Ancient knowledge, coupled with the current environmental policies, can be used to build sustainable resource utilization, biodiversity conservation, and a symbiotic relationship between human beings and nature.

Keywords: Environmental conservation, Vedic period, modern period, sustainability, sacred ecology, anthropocentrism