SCHOLARLY RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES

This study examined gender-based differences in the strategies used by college teachers to diagnose students’ problems in online teaching-learning environments. The researcher employed a quantitative research design and conducted a survey among a sample of 270 college teachers (107 female, 163 male) from the Government degree colleges of Himachal Pradesh. An independent sample t-test was applied item-by-item to determine whether there is a significant difference between male and female college teachers in their use of strategies for diagnosing students’ problems in online teaching and learning. The results showed statistically significant differences between male and female college teachers only in the use of online surveys (t=3.26), self-assessment surveys (t=2.44), and conducting online interviews (t=3.86) and in the use of online platforms such as ‘Skype’ (t=3.34) and ‘Cisco Webex’ (t=2.04) for identifying and diagnosing students’ problems in online-teaching learning, indicating that male college teachers reported higher use of these strategies than female college teachers. However, no significant differences were found in the strategies used to identify and diagnose students’ problems related to online teaching-learning on platforms such as Google Meet, Zoom, WhatsApp groups, Google Classroom, and Telegram channels, suggesting that male and female college teachers used these platforms similarly.

The history of India's atomic energy was initially bound by a commitment to peaceful uses. This journey began with the establishment of the Atomic Energy Commission of India in 1948. In the post-independence period, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru considered atomic energy as an important component of national development. Nehru emphasized the use of atomic energy for peaceful purposes and promised to use it for scientific research, agriculture, healthcare and industrial development of the country. During this period, several important steps were taken to lay the foundation for India's nuclear program. The first nuclear research center was established at Trombay (now Bhabha Atomic Research Center or BARC). Along with research on atomic energy, various projects were started here. The Trombay center became the backbone of India's nuclear program. Under Nehru's leadership, India emphasized international cooperation and developed alliances with various countries to acquire nuclear technology.  A notable example of cooperation with Canada was seen in the 1950s. The first CANDU Reactor was built in India with the help of Canada. The project was used for peaceful purposes of power generation and scientific research.

The NEP 2020 has placed great emphasis on receiving an effective education using various languages; however, it has specified that the mother tongue or regional language should be used as the preferred medium of instruction for children during the first three grades of school in India. The rationale behind making this change is based on an empirical body of research, both international and national, which indicates that elementary literacy and concept development will occur more effectively within the same language. However, given the complexity of India’s linguistic environment (as thousands of spoken languages exist, and there are multiple languages spoken within each state), challenges exist in the implementation of this policy.

In this research article, four interrelated aspects of NEP 2020’s language policy agenda are evaluated. On following bases: (i) mother tongue based foundational learning; (ii) culturally responsive pedagogy and teacher capacity; (iii) bridge material development and multilingual classroom models; (iv) the effect of multilingual learning on educational outcomes. By reviewing some policy documents, empirical research, and recent programmatic experiences from multilingual classrooms, it will be assessed how NEP 2020 can be enacted at the level of real classrooms, especially in government schools for students from socio economically and linguistically marginalised backgrounds.

In summary, the article contends that the multilaterally oriented viewpoint of NEP 2020 presents a revolutionary and superior chance to make schooling in India much more universal and equal. However, attaining this goal is going to take continuous financial support for teacher training; community involvement; and using evidence-based strategies when creating bridge materials and evaluating how bilingual learners progress through the system over time.

An autonomous institution within a municipal or urban area is known as a Municipality. For a long period, municipalities in West Bengal were established and governed under the Bengal Municipality Act, 1932. As this administrative framework a relic of the colonial era proved unable to adapt to the changed circumstances of the modern day, the Left Front government of West Bengal amended the Bengal Municipality Act twice in succession, in 1980 and 1982. However, due to certain lingering flaws, the West Bengal Legislative Assembly once again passed the ‘West Bengal Municipal Bill, 1993’ on July 21, 1993. Upon receiving the President's assent towards the end of May 1994, the Bill became an Act and came into force on June 1. It is pertinent to note that this new Act was enacted in consonance with the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act (1992).

Indian epics have historically functioned as foundational cultural texts shaping social values, ethical norms, and gender roles. The Mahabharata, depicts its narrative complexity, largely reflects a patriarchal worldview that marginalizes women’s voices. Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni’s The Palace of Illusions (2008) represents a significant feminist intervention by retelling the epic through the voice of Draupadi, a central yet silenced female figure. This paper examines the novel as a feminist rewriting of ancient Indian history and mythology. Drawing upon feminist literary theory and postcolonial feminist perspectives, the study explores how Divakaruni reconstructs Draupadi’s identity, interrogates patriarchal interpretations of Dharma, critiques gendered power structures, and foregrounds women’s agency. Through close textual analysis, the paper argues that The Place of Illusions transforms myths into a site of feminist resistance by challenging male- centric historiography and reclaiming female subjectivity.

Indian philosophical traditions-such as Yoga, Samkhya, Vedanta, and Buddhist psychology-present detailed psychological frameworks explaining the nature of consciousness, suffering, self-regulation, and wellbeing. In recent decades, neuroscience and clinical psychology have begun to identify empirical mechanisms that parallel these contemplative insights. The present study integrates textual analysis with quantitative meta-analytic review to examine how philosophical concepts including Dharma (ethical meaning), Karuna (compassion), Sakshi Bhava (witnessing awareness), and Sattva (mental clarity) correspond with neuropsychological processes and neurotransmitter activity.

A meta-analysis of 96 peer-reviewed studies published between 2000 and 2024 was conducted, focusing on meditation-, yoga-, and compassion-based interventions. Across studies, contemplative practices were consistently linked with increased gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), serotonin, dopamine regulation, oxytocin release, and vagal tone, alongside reductions in cortisol and sympathetic arousal. These neurobiological shifts were associated with improved emotional regulation, reduced anxiety and depression, enhanced resilience, and greater perceived meaning in life.

The analysis suggests that Indian philosophy can be interpreted as a sophisticated psychological model of systematic consciousness training, emphasizing attention stabilisation, ethical orientation, compassion development, and non-attachment to rigid ego identity. Contemporary scientific research increasingly supports these principles at the level of neural networks and neurochemical modulation.

The paper argues that human flourishing may be best understood as a multidimensional process involving existential meaning, emotional balance, interpersonal connection, and adaptive brain regulation. The findings have significant implications for psychotherapy, preventive mental health, contemplative education, and interdisciplinary dialogue between science and wisdom traditions.

During the Sultanate rule, panchayat system was observed. Panchayat resolved to resolve rural disputes. In addition, the panchayat looked after education and public health. Village citizens formed a ‘little council’ or a assembly. This council was closely monitored from the education of the village and all aspects of self-defence. In the regime of the Mughal rule, especially in the reign of Shershah, the gram panchayat got legal validity of the central government. Shershah had local recognition in the panchayat. During Shershah, the panchayat was formed with the elderly people of the village. Those are responsibilities were to punish the violators of the village and to establish administrative justice. The gram panchayat Pradhan used to make adjustments between the panchayat and the upper level administrative structure .Generally central intervention was not done on rural administration, but the pressure on the panchayat from the centre came in the emergency situation. Mughal emperor Akbar got a strong panchayat system as a rural administrative system from Shershah. Akbar gave the panchayat system that he inherited as a succession from Shershah. During his rule, the panchayat system emerged as an integral part of civil administration.

 This paper is based on the process of development of organizational commitment scale for teacher educators (OCSTE) and evaluation of its reliability and validity. This scale includes the 33 items to measure the organizational commitment (OC) of teacher educators, which is also covering the three dimensions of organizational commitment. Content validity was evaluated by more than 15 experts from the field of Education and Psychology and for ensuring the construct validity correlation was calculated between the score of each dimension and the total score of the questionnaire. The reliability of the scale was tested by calculating the Cronbach's Alpha and Split half method. For the Item analysis of the scale, index of item discrimination was used and for this item-total correlation was calculated. Only those items were retained which found to have high correlation coefficient.

The present study has been intended to know the relationship of career anchors and organizational commitment of faculty members in higher education. For this purpose, a sample of 319 faculty members from the three universities of Punjab viz. Punjabi University, Guru Nanak Dev University and Panjab University were selected. Similar and common faculties (Approximately one Professor, one Associate Professor and two Assistant Professors) from all the three universities were included in the study viz. Arts, Science, Pharmacy, Management and Business Administration, Computers, Languages and Law for collecting the data. The study was a descriptive survey research. Career Anchor Inventory by Delong (1982) and Organizational Commitment Questionnaire by Meyer and Allen (1997) were used by investigator for collection of data. Coefficient of correlation was used to find out the relationship between career anchors and organizational commitment. The results indicate that significant and positive relationship exists between career anchors and organizational commitment. As an employee engages in a career that is consistently aligned with her or his career anchor, work outcomes such as organizational commitment, job satisfaction, retention and career resilience are enhanced.

Tata Steel, established in 1907 by visionary industrialist Jamshed ji Tata, stands as a symbol of India's industrial might and ethical capitalism. From its origins as Asia’s first integrated steel plant in Jamshedpur, the company has been instrumental in nation-building, employee welfare, and technological innovation. Its legacy is deeply rooted in progressive policies such as the eight-hour workday, profit-sharing, and social infrastructure for employees long before they became global norms.Over the decades, Tata Steel has evolved into a multinational conglomerate through strategic global acquisitions, including NatSteel, Millennium Steel, and Corus. As it faces 21st-century challenges such as climate change, digital disruption, and global competition, Tata Steel is embracing transformative change. The company is leading India's push toward self-reliance in steel production, with ambitious capacity expansion plans, while also pioneering the global shift toward green steel production—especially through sustainable operations in the UK and Netherlands.This case explores Tata Steel’s century-long journey of balancing corporate legacy with modern innovation. It highlights the company’s strategic roadmap in digital transformation, financial prudence, and sustainability, making it a key player not only in steel manufacturing but also in global climate responsibility. The study provides insights into how a legacy organization can remain competitive and relevant in an era defined by rapid industrial, environmental, and social shifts.

Dairy Industry is one among the prominent sectors in India. India’s dairy industry is one of the largest and fastest-growing segments of the agricultural sector. The country produces over 230 million tonnes of milk annually (2023), contributing to nearly 24% of the global milk output.The Indian dairy sector is projected to reach USD 344 billion by 2030, offering Amul immense scope for expansion. The Nation experienced a huge white revolution by Dr. Verghese Kurien (Father of the White Revolution). Amul (Anand Milk Union Limited), established in 1946, is the flagship cooperative brand under the Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF). This White Revolution attracted a huge section of Farmers who considered the Milk & milking as one of the key professions. AMUL today does face its share of challenges and focusses on its opportunities.

This case study presents an in-depth analysis of the evolution, growth, and global recognition of Amul India, a flagship cooperative in the Indian dairy industry. It highlights the brand’s journey from a small cooperative movement in Gujarat to becoming the largest dairy brand in India with significant international presence. The study focuses on the Dairy & Milk Product Industry in India, Amul’s innovative strategies, consumer connection, and its ability to withstand competition while addressing challenges in a dynamic market. Additionally, the case explores the dilemmas faced by Amul in balancing innovation, consumer expectations, and pricing strategies, offering potential solutions for sustainable growth. AMUL is certainly the pride of the nation, exploring its wing across the globe.

Schiff bases and their transition metal complexes have attracted considerable attention due to their versatile coordination behavior and significant biological potential. The azomethine (–C=N–) functional group plays a crucial role in forming stable complexes with various transition metals, enhancing their physicochemical and biological properties. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the synthesis, structural characterization, and biological efficacy of transition metal complexes derived from Schiff base ligands. Emphasis is placed on spectroscopic techniques such as FT?IR, UV?Visible, NMR, EPR, and mass spectrometry for elucidating coordination modes and geometries. Furthermore, the antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, and DNA-binding activities of these complexes are critically discussed. The results highlight the importance of metal–ligand interactions in modulating biological activity, establishing Schiff base metal complexes as promising candidates for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.

Burnout is a serious issue that has a substantial effect on students' participation, well-being, and long-term academic results. A thorough analysis of the literature shows that research on adolescent and undergraduate populations is heavily concentrated, indicating that these groups are most susceptible to the compounding effects of academic stress. Results consistently show that Burnout has a detrimental effect on academic achievement and a positive correlation with undesirable outcomes such depressed symptoms, excessive internet use, and school dropout. On the other hand, protective psychological traits such as psychological resilience, self-compassion, and perceived social support act as crucial barriers that lessen the occurrence and intensity of Burnout symptoms.

Education is the foundation for the development of a nation and the role of teachers is vital. Continuous Professional Development (CPD) plays a crucial role in enhancing teachers’ competencies, instructional practices, and overall professional growth to meet the educational challenges in the rapidly changing world. The present study aimed to examine the level of CPD among secondary school teachers adopting a Descriptive Research Design. Data was collected from 100 Government secondary school teachers in Rangeilunda Block of Ganjam District, Odisha by using Teacher’s Professional Development Scale. The findings revealed that gender, subject stream, and teaching experience did not significantly influence the overall professional development levels of secondary school teachers. However, female teachers and science stream teachers scored higher than their counterparts in the dimension of Commitment and Accountability. The results suggest that CPD opportunities are generally inclusive and equally accessible to teachers irrespective of their demographic variables. The study highlights the importance of strengthening targeted CPD initiatives, regular monitoring, and collaborative support systems to enhance teachers’ professional growth and improve the quality of secondary education.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become an influential force transformative technological development influencing worldwide educational system. The integration of intelligent technologies in teaching environments has opened new possibilities for custom-made instruction, evidence-based decision-making, and improved academic outcomes. A steadily expanding body of research in Artificial Intelligence in Education highlights growing scholarly interest in exploring how intelligent systems are transforming pedagogical practices. In this context, the present study undertakes a bibliometric analysis to investigate research trends, patterns of publication growth, collaborative networks, and the evolution of key themes within the field of AI in Education. The analysis focuses on scholarly publications from the past decade to explore the evolution of this emerging field. The findings indicate a consistent rise in research output, particularly in areas such as adaptive learning, intelligent tutoring systems, automated assessment, and learning analytics. The study also identifies emerging concerns related to ethical use of AI, teacher readiness, and equitable access to technological resources. The findings suggest that Artificial Intelligence has strong potential to support learner-centered pedagogy and improve educational quality. However, successful integration requires systematic policy planning, teacher training, and responsible technological implementation. The study provides meaningful insights for researchers, educators, and policymakers who aim to better understand how Artificial Intelligence is shaping changes in teaching and learning practices.

The New Education Policy 2020 (NEP-2020) has made 10 days of “Bagless Days” mandatory in a year for students of classes 6 to 8. The main objective of these days is to provide practical, experiential and skill-based education to the students by freeing them from the burden of textbooks. This research paper is based on the Bagless Day program implemented in Govindpura Primary School and its effectiveness. The study covered 55 students, for whom various creative activities were organized. These activities emphasized coding, sensor-based project creation and development of life skills. Methods like observation, interview and documentation were used in the research. To test the effectiveness of this program, videos of more than 30 projects prepared by the students were uploaded on YouTube channel and shared on social media. The research findings show that these activities significantly improved confidence, creativity, cooperation and problem-solving skills among the students. This paper provides a practical and useful model for the successful implementation of Bagless Day, which can also be inspiring for other schools.

?This paper explores the escalating influence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) within the global educational landscape and addresses the critical debate: Is the human teacher becoming obsolete? While AI offers unparalleled velocity, sophisticated data processing, and hyper-personalized learning pathways, it fundamentally lacks emotional intelligence (EQ), moral grounding, and the mentoring essence inherent to human educators. By analyzing the strengths of silicon-based logic against human-centric pedagogy, this study concludes that the future of education lies not in the replacement of teachers, but in an augmented "Co-pilot" model. In this framework, AI manages administrative and repetitive cognitive tasks, thereby liberating human educators to focus on the holistic, ethical, and emotional development of students.

Teachers are the cornerstone of the whole education system, and the success of education heavily depends on the quality and effectiveness of teachers. The present investigation aimed at studying the financial, administrative, academic, and personal problems faced by secondary school teachers of Ganjam district. A sample of 60 secondary school teachers working in Government High Schools of Ganjam district participated in this study. Data were collected by a self-developed questionnaire and analyzed using frequency and percentage. The findings revealed that, despite having a good salary, teachers face financial difficulties due to the rising cost of living. Over administrative workload created a major distraction for teaching and affected adversely the work life balance. The study also revealed nonacademic duties, lack of subject-related training, lack of access to technology, resistance from students in implementing modern teaching techniques, and limited knowledge of ICT contributed as the major academic problems.

Telling stories is a powerful and time-tested way of sharing knowledge.  Engaging with stories significantly contributes to students' imagination, critical thinking, emotional development, and core values. In contemporary education, fostering holistic student development is paramount. In this context, story-based learning has emerged as an effective, human, and learner-centred pedagogical tool. The paper argues that story-based learning is particularly effective at promoting holistic growth because it centres on learners and their experiences.  Furthermore, the paper explores the theoretical frameworks of story-based learning: narrative paradigm theory and narrative transportation theory. These frameworks indicate that stories enhance student engagement, sustain motivation, promote active classroom participation, improve language skills, and foster social interaction. Additionally, these frameworks play a significant role in developing moral and human values, ethical development, literacy, and cultural development, while enriching creativity and socio-emotional understanding.

Media exercises incredible influence on the public. The media has over the years, transitioned from the predominance of newspapers in the printed form to radio broadcasts, television channels and now, to the internet for disseminating news, views and ideas to wide audiences extending beyond national boundaries. A healthy and free media are critical to the efficient working of democracy. Freedom of speech and expression extends to reporting the proceedings of judicial institutions as well. The paper examines the freedom of media vis-à-vis the media reporting of court proceedings though the lenses of courts. It concludes that media persons should endeavor to inform the people with accurate and impartial presentation of news and their views after dispassionate evaluation of the facts and information received by them.