SCHOLARLY RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES

All well-wishers of India must now get united. We may have internal differences, but let us get united for the sake of protecting our culture. When some alien forces are trying to destroy the Hindu saint and the Hindu culture by using some Hindus as stooges, the Hindus won`t allow them to destroy Hindu culture. They keep hatching various conspiracies to disturb and disrupt the great civilization. There were four ancient civilization-Romans, Greek, Egyptian and Indian. They have destroyed the civilizations of Rome, Greece and Egypt already; now only that of India is still alive. Give importance to your culture because your post will no more be your after a certain period of time ,but this culture has been serving you in a great manner for centuries together. Therefore today the world does not need bombs, terrorism and exploiters. What the world needs today is Yoga of Indian culture, Self-knowledge and the spirit of –Vasudhaiva Kutumbkam-The whole world is one single family. The world needs peace; and not disturbance and chaos. Therefore, to protect this culture, to stay united is the service to entire mankind. The more the saints had to bear atrocity, the greater is their recognition amidst society. Great men like Aadya Shankaracharyaji, Kabirji, Mahatma Buddha and Vivekanandaji have tolerated persecution.

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1 legal Service India “Law and Religion.” Accessed August 22, 2019. http://www.legalservicesindia.com/article/1852/Law-and-Religion.htm 2. New Study Shows Shocking Scale of Abuse on Twitter Against Women Politicians in India.” Amnesty International USA, January 23, 2020. 3. Purandare, Vaibhav. “Hindutva Is Not the Same as Hinduism Said Savarkar.” Telegraph India. Telegraph India, August 22, 2019

Due diligence is a process of verification and investigation of an investment (such as shares, mutual funds etc.) to confirm the facts and financial information about a company. The present study is an attempt to find out the due diligence of investors before investing into capital market. For the purpose of this study, data is collected from 73 respondents of Mumbai Suburban area who invest in capital market. The data makes it clear that most of the capital market investors invest in equity and mutual funds. Their motive/purpose of investment is to earn higher returns followed by second income. Before investing into capital market, the investors collect information (due diligence) from Annual reports of company, followed by Publications in newspaper/ electronic media and published report from research agencies

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Jasiniak, M. (2018). Determinants of investment decisions on the capital market. eFinanse - Financial internet quaterly, 14(2), 1-8. Pandit , A., & Yeoh, K. (2014). Psychological tendencies in an emerging capital market: A study of individual investors in India. The Journal of Developing Areas, 48(3), 129-148. Singh, J., & Yadav, P. (2016). A Study on the Factors Influencing Investors Decision in Investing in Equity Shares in Jaipur and Moradabad with Special Reference to Gender. Amity Journal of Finance, 1(1), 117-130.

Women rights are human rights. There is no necessity for this statement if there are no gender inequalities in the society. The patriarchy is responsible for an unequal world cutting across boundaries be developed or less developed, black or white, rich or poor. Women’s equal dignity and human rights as full human beings are enshrined in the basic instruments of today’s international community. From the Charter of the United Nations’ endorsement of the equal rights of men and women, to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the subsequent international treaties and declarations, the rights of women are made central to the vision of a democratic society. However, the fine words of these documents and the Vienna Declaration in 1993 and the declaration of Beijing in 1995 stand in sharp contrast to the daily reality of life for millions of women. There are several issues which suppress the prominence of women in public life. Of the 1.3 billion people living in poverty, 70% were women; the majority of the world’s refugees are women; female illiteracy is invariably higher than male illiteracy. Women and girl-children are treated as commodities in cross-border prostitution rackets and the pornography industry. Millions of girls are still subject to genital mutilation, while women in every country are regular victims of domestic violence. In many countries, women lack access to reproductive health care and every day women are targeted in armed conflicts. Women’s economic, social and cultural rights continue to be neglected. Women’s major contributions still remain invisible and unpaid and unaccountable. Their services are taken for granted, while similar service by men are recognized and adds to GDP. Her rights to claim her contributions to be included in the GDP remains unaddressed as this it is a discrimination and violation of human right. Above, all the female infanticide and foeticide are widely found cutting across the society. Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women has been passed long back but whether it is functioning with full vigour applying its provisions is a question. The women who are supposed to constitute half or more than half of the population given the scientific fact that women must be biologically strong tend to be declining in number due to son preference and other issues associated with men. There are states and districts in India particularly the developed states showing a decline in sex ratio accounting for less than 800 per thousand males. The theoretical reasons for such declining sex ratio is increasing son’s preference, but what is actually attributed is the dowry, security of girl children, etc. and for many others reasons we as the member of society is snatching the women’s rights that is right to survive……….. Our basic right- right to life. Hence, women’s rights must be protected as human rights as it is necessary for the proper development and progress of the society.

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Rao Mamta,  Law Relating to Women and Child  88-96 (Eastern Book Co, 2ndedn, 2008). 2. Data collected from reports published by The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India in 1990 Available at  https://www.legalservicesindia.com/article/femalefoeticide (last  visited on 10th August, 2015) 3. Kapoor, S K, Human Rights under International Law and Indian Law  100-115 (Central Law Agency, 16th end, 2007).

This paper is the experimental study conducted to find out the awareness level of student teachers before and after the conduction of online information resources training session. Sample selected for the study was 100 student teachers studying in the education colleges of Mumbai. Out of it 84 respondents were present for the session and responded to the experimental study very well. A questionnaire was distributed to students before and after the training session. A comparative analysis was done for the awareness level of students about online information resources before and after the training session. Finding show that their level of awareness was very much higher after the session as compared to before the session

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1) http://cart.ebalbharati.in/BalBooks/ebook.aspx 2) https://epathshala.nic.in/, https://ncert.nic.in/ 3) https://eric.ed.gov/ 4) http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/

Academic achievement is the indication of the entire educational growth & development of cognitive, affective & psychomotor domains of the students’ personality. The present study has been carried out to know the relation between the academic achievement & learning engagement of the secondary students studying through regular and open mode. The researcher tried his best to know the relation of different dimensions of learning engagement with the academic achievement of the secondary students. The descriptive survey method was followed to carry out this research. The sample of 500 students studying in 10th class of CBSE and National open schools was selected through random sampling method. In order to access the learning engagement, the investigator constructed his self made learning engagement scale. The marks obtained by the students in 10th class were considered as the academic achievement of the students. Mean, SD, t test and correlation were applied for data analysis. The findings of this research reveals that there is positive moderate relation between the academic achievement & learning engagement of the secondary students studying through regular as well as open mode. Through this study, it was also revealed that there is significance difference between the academic achievement and learning engagement of the secondary students studying through regular and open mode.

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Dogra, A. (2016). The association between students' learning engagement and their achievement in psychology, International journal of multidisciplinary education and research, 1(7), 33-35 2. Gunuc, S. (2014). The relationship between student engagement and their academic achievement, International journal on new trends in education and their implication, 5(4) 3. Newmann, Fred .M (1992) Student engagement and achievement in American secondary schools, Teachers college press, Teachers college, Columbia University, Newyork. 4. Dogra, A. & Dutt, S. (2016).The association between students' learning engagement and their achievement in Psychology, International journal of multidisciplinary education and research, 1(7), 33-35

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In nature both conflict and cooperation go hand in hand. One forms the basis of destruction and the other of creation. Physical and biological things together form a large biological system. Man is an organism as well as a factor in the earth's ecosystem. He influences the environment through his imaginations and desires. By using the natural environment, man creates the cultural environment. The present man has become more progressive in his development, but he has disorganized the system of nature. Due to this disorder, the entire ecosystem has become a victim of degradation and pollution. The emotional weakness of man is also responsible for this. The vision of beauty and love towards nature is getting weaker due to which people's life is becoming weak, frustrated and repressed. In this research paper, the falling level of emotional relationship between man and his ecosystem has been studied. For which both primary and secondary data have been used.

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Biswas, S.K. (1989).Cosmic Perspectives. New York: Cambridge University Press. Bly , R.(1980). News of the Universe. San Francisco: Sierra Club. Brock, T. (1967). The Ecosystem and The Study State. Bioscience Vol 17. Burgess, J.(1991). Excuse Me for Bring Alive. New Scientist. C.S.Eliton. (1958). The Ecology of Invasion Plants and Animal. London: Methuen. Carson, R. (1962). Silent Spring. Penguin: Harmondsworth. Chapin .(2002). Principle of Terrestrial Ecosystem and Ecology. New york: Springler. Ekman,P.(1980).The Face of Man. Newyork: Ganland. Fisher, C.(2005).Eco spirituality and Nature-Informed Therapies. Phd Thesis, 238. Freud , S.(1962). Civilization and its Discontent. Newyork:Macgrah hill.

The country has been impacted by shifts in society, the economy, and the lives of its citizens. The average age of the world's population is increasing, which is a problem in many regions of the planet because it results in an increase in the number of elderly people. In India, becoming older was never considered to be anything to be concerned about. In spite of this, the topic of ageing has recently arisen as a major social concern. Family institutions are currently facing issues in today's society relating to demographics, economics, and structures. Because of the ways in which society has evolved, people of a certain age, who are more frequently referred to as "the elderly," face a particular set of difficulties. This research article explores the difficulties linked to adjustment that older women who reside in care homes face, as well as the facilities that are available to help them.

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Atul, K., & Saini, S. (2020). Living conditions and adjustment problems of elderly women residing in old age homes: A comparative study. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 63(6), 594-606. Bhowmick, S., & Chakraborty, S. (2016). A study on adjustment problems of elderly women living in old age homes. Indian Journal of Gerontology, 30(2), 245-255. Chakraborty, S., & Bhowmick, S. (2017). Adjustment problems of elderly women residing in old age homes: A comparative study. Indian Journal of Gerontology, 31(3), 340-350. Dhar, P. (2018). Adjustment problems and coping strategies of elderly women residing in old age homes. Journal of Health Management, 20(1), 92-103. Rani, M., Singh, U., & Devi, R. (2019). Living conditions and adjustment problems of elderly women residing in old age homes: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Geriatric Mental Health, 6(1), 36-41.

There is no way to thoroughly enumerate the various ways in which children around the world are economically exploited and physically mistreated. But the numbers are great and the suffering widespread. Behind the hideous imagery of children beaten or sexually abused by parents; ravaged beyond their years by hard living and drug abuse on the streets; maimed by landmines or turned into killers by war; stricken with AIDS are the all-too-common struggles against disease, hardship, and family or social traditions that compromise children’s humanity or subject them to physical and emotional suffering. While 18 million children work on the streets of India, it is estimated that only 5-20 percent of them are truly homeless and disconnected from their families. Because the street children in India have unique vulnerabilities - the amount of time they spend on the street, their livelihood depending on the street, and their lack of protection and care from adults - they are a subgroup of the Indian population that deserve specific attention in order to ensure that their needs are known. As the most vulnerable group of children in India according to UNICEF, they need to be understood as much as possible. This study illustrates the trend found by most researchers: most children leave their families to live on the street because of family problems. Family problems include such things as death of a parent, alcoholism of father, strained relationships with stepparents, parent separation, abuse, and family violence Keywords: Street Children, Physical Abuse, sexual abuse

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Abro Ameer Ali. 2012. The Problems of Street Children: A Sociological Study of Urban Sindh. A thesis submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Philosophy at the Department of Sociology, Karachi. Ahuja Ram. 2010. Research Methods. New Delhi: Rawat Publications. Amury Zena, Komba Aneth. 2010. Coping Strategies used by Street Children in the Event of Illness. Research report 10/1, dare s salaam, (Research on Poverty Alleviation) REPOA. Bhosala Savita G. 2012. Child Rag Pickers: A Sociological Study of Drought Prone City. A thesis submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Philosophy at the Department of Studies in Sociology at Karnataka State Women’s University, Bijapur. Biney Amissah Arba. 2015. Street Children: the Case of Acca, Ghana. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk>pdf.

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In order to prepare the country for the challenges of the twenty-first century, the New Education Policy [I986] reinterpreted education's role as an instrument for the development of the country's human resources. One of the many inventive solutions included in this new policy is distance learning. According to the New Education Policy, lifelong learning is a desired educational goal. Education and learning style are closely linked because the way individuals learn can greatly impact their educational experience. An individual's preferred method of obtaining and processing information is referred to as their learning style. There are several different theories and models of learning styles, but some of the most common include visual, auditory, logical and kinesthetic/tactile. Numerous initiatives to conduct learning style research have been made in the 19th century. According to numerous studies, every person has a unique learning style, and various learning styles can affect how students "perceive, recall, understand, and solve problems" (Messick, 1976). Teachers must offer material in a manner that suits students' preferences if students desire a greater say in how it is presented; otherwise, their efforts will be futile (Gregoric, 1985). Researchers tried to identify and isolate specific characteristics of the learners in an effort to characterise the distinctive processes of learning (Keefe, 1987; Messick, 1976). For the present research, only four types of learning styles have been taken into consideration that includes visual, auditory, kinesthetic and logical. The present study was done to know the correlation between learning styles and academic achievement of B.Ed. distance learners. The sample size for the present study was comprised of 300 B.Ed. distance learners from YCMOU and IGNOU. The Tools used for collecting the data were the Learning style scale and Academic Achievement Results of the Students. Data were analysed by using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation. A significant correlation between the learning styles of English and Marathi medium was found. It was also found that there was no effect of learning style on Academic Achievement of B.Ed. distance learners as per Gender, age, or with regards to type of school. Conceptual definition of learning style- The way a person naturally or habitually acquires and processes information in a learning environment is referred to as their learning style. The cognitive, emotive, and physiological aspects of a person's capacity for learning are included in their learning styles. (Bodi, 1990) Operational definition of learning style - Learning styles here would be a set of observable characteristics or behaviours that indicate how an individual prefers to learn. There can be various learning styles. Here four types of learners have been looked into that is Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic and Logical. Keywords: Learning style, Academic achievement, B.Ed. distance learners

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Best, John W. and Kahn, J. V. (2007). Research in Education, New Delhi, Prentice Hall of India Private. Biswas, P.K. (1999) Freshers in IGNOU: A study of their awareness, interest and motivation, Indian Journal of open learning 8(3) 273-282Crow, R.D. and A. Crow, Chandra, Subhash (2017). Study of learning styles and process of development of professional skills among students of professional courses of open universities. Ph.D Thesis, University of Allahabad. Fatt, J. P. (2000). Understanding the learning styles of students. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 20(11), 31-45. Sharma R.A (2008). Distance education, Meerut: International publishing house

Education's role as a tool for social change determines a nation's overall growth. The 1964–1966 education commission referred to education as the "one vehicle of peaceful social development." From a policy perspective, the education challenge saw education as a catalyst to turn a stagnant society into one that is dedicated to growth and progress. As a result, the educational system may and must undergo radical change as part of the revolutionary restructuring of the current socioeconomic order." The same document notes that education's primary objective is to "build an energetic, thriving, and united nation that can provide its people with the resources they need to live better, more meaningful lives. According to Smith (1961), a student's capacity for learning is impacted by their learning strategies, goal-setting, time commitment, level of engagement with the subject matter, the scope of the learning environment, and the extent of application of what they have learned. Students who are intelligent and ambitious are more likely to develop effective study habits. A person with good study habits and intelligence can excel beyond the limitations imposed by intelligence, earning him the title of an overachiever. Unhealthy study habits create barriers in the way of a person's success and hinder them from fully utilising their strengths, which leads to them performing poorly in the academic field and becoming underachievers. Therefore, establishing productive study habits is essential to obtaining a satisfying degree of success. Evans and Smith [I970] emphasised the need of developing efficient "study habits" for a smooth transition to college. Successful college students have distinct study habits from unsuccessful ones. Recitation, using textbooks, participating in class, and setting aside time for study are all seen as acceptable study practises.The study habits questionnaire selected by the researcher for the present study was a standardized test prepared by M.N. Palsane and Anuradha Sharma. It was divided into eight areas. They are budgeting time, Physical conditions of Study, Reading ability, Note-taking, Factors in Learning Motivation, Memory, Taking Examinations, and Health. The present study was done to know the correlation between study habits and academic achievement of B.Ed distance learners. The sample size for the present study was comprised of 300 B.Ed distance learners from YCMOU and IGNOU. The Tools used for collecting the data were the Study habits questionnaire and the Academic Achievement Results of the Students. Data were analysed by using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation. A significant correlation between study habits and academic achievement was found. There was found to be a significant relationship between the study habits of more than 40 years of age of B.Ed distance learners and academic achievement. Also, there is a relationship between the study habits of male B.Ed distance learners and academic achievement. It was also found that there was no effect of study habits on Academic Achievement of B.Ed distance learners with regards to the type of school which they are teaching. Conceptual definition-Crow & Crow (1992) claim that having a plan or place to study, a set schedule, and taking concise, well-organized notes are all helpful study habits. A student must select the knowledge that is crucial to their studies and then make an opinion on that information. Operational definition- This study focuses on how students organise their private readings after learning in the classroom and how they are directly influenced by other external factors. The key aspects of a person's study habits are note-taking, learning motivation, memory reading practises, learning strategies, memory, time management, study conditions, physical health, exams, and evaluations. Keywords: Study habits, Academic achievement, B.Ed distance learners Education's role as a tool for social change determines a nation's overall growth. The 1964–1966 education commission referred to education as the "one vehicle of peaceful social development." From a policy perspective, the education challenge saw education as a catalyst to turn a stagnant society into one that is dedicated to growth and progress. As a result, the educational system may and must undergo radical change as part of the revolutionary restructuring of the current socioeconomic order." The same document notes that education's primary objective is to "build an energetic, thriving, and united nation that can provide its people with the resources they need to live better, more meaningful lives. According to Smith (1961), a student's capacity for learning is impacted by their learning strategies, goal-setting, time commitment, level of engagement with the subject matter, the scope of the learning environment, and the extent of application of what they have learned. Students who are intelligent and ambitious are more likely to develop effective study habits. A person with good study habits and intelligence can excel beyond the limitations imposed by intelligence, earning him the title of an overachiever. Unhealthy study habits create barriers in the way of a person's success and hinder them from fully utilising their strengths, which leads to them performing poorly in the academic field and becoming underachievers. Therefore, establishing productive study habits is essential to obtaining a satisfying degree of success. Evans and Smith [I970] emphasised the need of developing efficient "study habits" for a smooth transition to college. Successful college students have distinct study habits from unsuccessful ones. Recitation, using textbooks, participating in class, and setting aside time for study are all seen as acceptable study practises.The study habits questionnaire selected by the researcher for the present study was a standardized test prepared by M.N. Palsane and Anuradha Sharma. It was divided into eight areas. They are budgeting time, Physical conditions of Study, Reading ability, Note-taking, Factors in Learning Motivation, Memory, Taking Examinations, and Health. The present study was done to know the correlation between study habits and academic achievement of B.Ed distance learners. The sample size for the present study was comprised of 300 B.Ed distance learners from YCMOU and IGNOU. The Tools used for collecting the data were the Study habits questionnaire and the Academic Achievement Results of the Students. Data were analysed by using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation. A significant correlation between study habits and academic achievement was found. There was found to be a significant relationship between the study habits of more than 40 years of age of B.Ed distance learners and academic achievement. Also, there is a relationship between the study habits of male B.Ed distance learners and academic achievement. It was also found that there was no effect of study habits on Academic Achievement of B.Ed distance learners with regards to the type of school which they are teaching. Conceptual definition-Crow & Crow (1992) claim that having a plan or place to study, a set schedule, and taking concise, well-organized notes are all helpful study habits. A student must select the knowledge that is crucial to their studies and then make an opinion on that information. Operational definition- This study focuses on how students organise their private readings after learning in the classroom and how they are directly influenced by other external factors. The key aspects of a person's study habits are note-taking, learning motivation, memory reading practises, learning strategies, memory, time management, study conditions, physical health, exams, and evaluations. Keywords: Study habits, Academic achievement, B.Ed distance learners

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Best, John W. and Kahn, J. V. (2007). Research in Education, New Delhi, Prentice Hall of India Private. Biswas, P.K. (1999) Freshers in IGNOU: A study of their awareness, interest and motivation, Indian Journal of open learning 8(3) 273-282Crow, R.D. and A. Crow, R Sherafat, C Murthy. (2016). A Study of Study Habits and Academic Achievement among Secondary and Senior Secondary School Students of Mysore City. International Journal of Indian Psychology 3 (2), DOI: 10.25215/0302.055, DIP: 18.01.055/20160302 Rabia, M, Mubarak, N, Tallat H, & Nasir W (2017). A Study on Study Habits and Academic Performance of Students. International Journal of Asian Social Science, 7(10), 891–897 KoulLokesh(1997) Fifth Survey of Educational Research, Open and Distance Learning, Trend Reports: New Delhi, NCER Sharma R.A (2008). Distance education, Meerut: International publishing house

education has gained significant attention worldwide as a means to provide equitable educational opportunities for all students, including those with diverse learning needs. However, despite the growing recognition of its importance, concerns, and obstacles continue to impede the effective implementation of inclusive education practices. This abstract examines the major concerns and obstacles associated with inclusive education. Notably, two progressive bills have been enacted: the RTE Act and the Children's Rights Act, alongside the People with Disabilities Act. These legislations have shifted the public policy approach from welfare-based to one that upholds human rights. However, activists raise concerns about children whose parents are absent, as they are often denied access to school despite being enrolled. It highlights the challenges related to curriculum adaptation, teacher training, resource allocation, social attitudes, and support services. Additionally, the abstract examines the role of stakeholders such as teachers, school administrators, policymakers, and communities in addressing these concerns and overcoming the obstacles to foster a truly inclusive educational environment. It highlights how disability legislation acknowledges the human aspect and emphasizes key factors such as curriculum quality, pedagogical reforms, examinations, and, most importantly, teachers. This paper emphasizes the importance of collective efforts, collaboration, and awareness to ensure the successful implementation of inclusive education and to create a supportive and inclusive learning environment for all students.

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Booth, T., & Ainscow, M. (2002). Index for inclusion: Developing learning and participation in schools. Centre for Studies on Inclusive Education (CSIE), Rm 2S203 S Block, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QU, United Kingdom, England (24.50 British pounds). Shorey, H. S., Snyder, C. R., Yang, X., & Lewin, M. R. (2003). The role of hope as a mediator in recollected parenting, adult attachment, and mental health. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 22(6), 685-715

The education systems of all the countries of the world are facing many challenges due to Covid-19. South Asian countries like India, Nepal and Sri-Lanka are also seafaring in the same boat. All these countries have adopted online teaching to overcome this problem. With the advancement of technology and impact of COVID 19, traditional, outdated, rigid and stereotyped method of learning replaced new, flexible, innovative, forward looking, research oriented and online method. MOOC (Massive Open Online Course) acts as panacea for all these challenges. The purpose of this article is to develop an insight towards challenges of higher education in the context of South Asian Universities due to COVID 19. To achieve this purpose, in this research article, an attempt has been made to discuss in detail the current status of higher education and sudden change in higher education due to COVID 19. Keywords: Online Education, MOOC (Massive Open Online Course), H E, COVID-19 etc.

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Angelova, M. (2020). Students’ attitudes to the online university course of management in the context of COVID-19. International Journal of Technology in Education and Science (IJTES), 4(4), 283-292. Banvari,V.(2018). Role of MOOCs in Indian Higher Education. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 5(12), 402-408. Retrieved from https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1812A54.pdf. Becker, H.J. (2000). Finding from the Teaching, Learning and Computing survey: Is Larry Cuban right? Education Policy Analysis Archives, 8(51), 31p. https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v8n51.2000

Artificial Intelligence has proved to be a very facilitating tool for education in recent years. Artificial Intelligence is also responsible for reducing the human efforts in learning and teaching. With its extent of ease, it is also making way for new methods of learning and it is revolutionising the education system of India and the globe. The universal reach of a learner through internet has got new dimensions through Artificial Intelligence. Being a new mode of assistive learning, artificial intelligence is facing a crisis of dextrous human handling, infrastructure and funding. Equity in education is aimed by the New Education Policy through the use of ICT tools and AI based learning. The key challenges are investigated by the researchers in this paper. The researchers are keen to find the measures to weed out the barriers in implementation of AI based learning in India. Thus, the researchers through their bounteous experience of research, tries to find the challenges and opportunities for Artificial intelligence in Indian education. Keywords; Artificial intelligence, Challenges, Opportunities, Education, India

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Alpert, J. (2019). Artificial Intelligence and Education: An Introduction. Harvard Education Press. Chiru, C. G., & Grosseck, G. (2019). Artificial intelligence in education: Current insights and future perspectives. In G. Grosseck & C. G. Chiru (Eds.), Emerging Technologies and Pedagogies in the Curriculum (pp. 33-50). Springer. Dillenbourg, P., & Jermann, P. (2007). Designing integrative scripts. In F. Fischer, I. Kollar, H. Mandl, & J. M. Haake (Eds.), Scripting Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning: Cognitive, Computational, and Educational Perspectives (pp. 275-304). Springer. Dubey, R. (2019). Artificial Intelligence and Education: Challenges and Opportunities for Indian Education System. International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, 8(2), 283-289.

The 21st century has witnessed a tremendous flow of international investment, trade and financial transactions along with the integration and openness of international market across the globe. The developing countries are trying to attract foreign capital to boost up their domestic rates of investment and also to acquire new technology and managerial skills. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is a long term investment made by a firm or individual in one country with all the risks and profit opportunities. It is an outcome of the mutual interest of multinational firms and host countries. Free flow of FDI eventually attracts huge foreign exchange, promotes industrialisation and international trade, enhances the GDP and Per Capita income and accelerates the socio-economic development of people and the nation as a whole. In the context of India, introduction of LPG on one hand and proactive and positive mind set of the planners on the other have further opened the economy for free inflow and outflow of investment into its different sectors. India is also considered, as the best investment destinations even by the trade block economies. Besides, free flow of FDI is considered as an indicator for economic development that results in increase in GDP, leads to trade openness, generates huge employment, enhances per capita income, boosts exports, and reduces wholesale price index and also exchange. Though scores of studies were carried out on FDI but studies on FDI inflows and their impact on the select economic variable using Multiple Regression Model are very scarce and scanty. The current study is an attempt to fill this gap. Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, GDP, Multiple Regression Model, Economic Development

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Niti Sury (2004), Foreign Direct Investment: Global and Indian Aspects, New Century publications. Shanpareeth and Ezhilarasan (2020), “Trends and Policy Perspectives of Foreign Direct Investment in India Since 1991”, Indian Journal of Research, Vol. – 9, Issue – 7, PP-80-82. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fdi/2004/fditda.pdf Ibid Nedra Baklouti, Younes Boujelbene (2014), “Impact of Institutional Quality on the Attractiveness of Foreign Direct Investment”, Journal of Behavioural Economics, Finance, Entrepreneurship, Accounting and Transport, Vol. 2, No.4, PP 89-93

Teacher immediacy, which refers to the verbal and nonverbal behaviours that communicate approachability, availability, and involvement, has been found to have a positive impact on learner performance. Teachers need to promote and maintain classroom civility to improve their self-efficacy and effectiveness as educators. By creating a positive and respectful classroom environment where students feel valued and supported, teachers can feel more confident and effective in their teaching, leading to improved learning outcomes. This study investigates the relationship between teacher immediacy and classroom civility at undergraduate level. The study shows that there exist positive and significant relationship between teacher immediacy and classroom civility. Teacher immediacy has a positive impact on classroom civility by creating a more positive classroom climate and promoting respectful interactions between students and the teacher. Teacher behaviour is a regulating factor that decides the student behaviour. The paper highlights the importance of teacher training in enhancing teacher immediacy and promoting classroom civility. Keywords: Teacher immediacy, Classroom civility, Teacher training

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Andersen, P., & Andersen, J. (1982). Nonverbal Immediacy in Instruction. In L. Barker (Ed.), Communication in the Classroom (pp. 98-120). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Cayanus, J. L., Martin, M. M., & Myers, S. A. (2008). The relationship between perceived instructor self-disclosure and college student information seeking. Texas Speech Communication Journal, 33, 20 – 27. Forni, P. M. (2002). Choosing civility: The twenty-five rules of considerate conduct. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

The present study was carried out to explore the effectiveness of collaborative teaching competency while transacting e-learning content in school curricula. The present educational scenario shows a huge body of evidence in favour of e-learning. Along with the basic competencies of content knowledge and pedagogical skills, the modern educator must be skilled at integrating e-learning-driven curricular strategies in the classroom for better teaching and learning. The aspect of e-learning allows for the accommodation of the needs & unique learning styles of diverse learners. The sample for the study was 64 pre-service teachers who infused the elements of e-learning at various stages of their curriculum transaction. Data was collected using a self-constructed questionnaire during semi-structured interviews. Results showed that their collaborative competency at each stage of curricular transaction with respect to e-learning made the academic experience of the students more meaningful and engaging. Keywords: Collaborative Teaching, the effectiveness of Collaborative Competency, e-learning, Inclusion, Inclusive Classroom, Teaching Competency, Diverse Learners, Diverse Learning Styles

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Biasutti, M. (2011). The student experience of a collaborative e-learning university module. Computers & Education. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2011.04.006 Bose, P., & Yarmi, G. (2020). Promoting prospective teachers’ conceptual knowledge through web-based blended learning. Journal of Research and Advances in Mathematics Education, 5(2), 187–201. https://doi.org/10.23917/jramathedu.v5i2.10418 Kaendler, C., Wiedmann, M., Rummel, N., & Spada, H. (2014). Teacher Competencies for the Implementation of Collaborative Learning in the Classroom: a Framework and Research Review. Educational Psychology Review, 27(3), 505–536. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-014-9288-9

Any aquatic habitat's phytoplankton population is reliant on physicochemical and biological factors. Lotic water bodies with waste inflow are split into upstream and downstream habitats with variable levels of water parameters. The Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC) Mahad releases effluents into the Savitri River in Mahad, which is then divided into two distinct upstream and downstream zones. The current investigation was conducted between June 2014 and December 2016 with this main aim in mind. The phyoplanktons were collected from the upstream water from Savitri River near village Isane kamble (Spot S1) and downstream of Savitri River near Dadali bridge belonging to Dadali village (Spot S2). Over the course of the investigation, an average of 2745 phytoplanktons were collected from site S1. There were 36 genera and 27 families in the 2745 phytoplanktons. Amphipleuraceae family dominated all other families. In all, 2995 phytoplanktons were collected on average from location S2 during the study period. There were 35 families and 40 genera among 2995 phytoplanktons. Zygnemataceae family dominated all other families, Keywords: Phytoplankton diversity; Industrial effluents; Riverine fauna, Savitri river, Dissimilar habitat

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Adoni, A., Joshi, D.G., Gosh, K., Chourasia, S.K., Vaishya, A.K., Manoj Yadav, V.K.,and Verma, H.G., 1985. Work book on limnology. Protibha Publisher, Sagar, pp.1-166. Babu A., Ravimanickam, Joseph, Jerald, Mohamed Shamsudin, and K.Prabakar Studies on the Diversity of Phytoplankton in Cauvery River,Thanjavur District, Tamil Nadu, India. Internatinal Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 5 (2014) pp. 824-834. Basu, B. (1986): Environmental protection by many faceted problems. Yojana, 30: pp. 4-6.

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“Challenges in NEP 2020 Implementation”. (2021, May 17). India Didactic Association. https://indiadidac.org Ministry of Education. (2019). Draft National Education Policy. https://Pib.gov.in Ministry of Human Resource Development. (2020). National Education Policy. https://www.education.gov.in NEP 2020: Quality of Anganwadi Centres to Determine Success of Policy Paving Way for Inclusive Education. (2020, July 31). https://www.firstpost.com Rai, A.N., (2022, Feb.15). Implementation of National Education Policy 2020 and the Case of Anganwadi Workers. https://vidhilegalpolicy.in Reshi, H. (2021, March 8). NEP Challenges, Chances, Obstacles, Opportunities. Kashmir Images. https://thekashmirimages.com Practical Challenges in the Implementation of NEP 2020 can Present as Opportunities of Reform in Key Areas. (2021, Feb. 15). Education 21. https://education21.in

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Garrett, Henry E. and Woodworth, R. S. (1981). Statistics in Psychology and Education. Bombay : Mrs. A. F. Shaikh for Vakils, Pfeiffer & Simmons Ltd. Gupta, Deepty (2019). Competency of Teacher Educators and Student Teachers towards E-Learning Tools. Research Gate, September 2009. Gulhane, Gajanan L. (Dr.) (2013). Research and Statistics, Meerut : Anu Books

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The aim of the present research was to investigate the effect of age and gender on stress among adolescents. The sample was consisted of 120 male and female subjects in the age range 11 to 18 years taken from schools of Meerut city. The subjects were divided into two groups according to their age early adolescents (12-14 years) and late adolescents (16-18 years). Each group was consisted of two groups of Male (60 Ss) & female (60 Ss) subjects. In this way a 2x2 factorial design was employed in the research. Data was collected with the help of standardized student stress scale. The obtained data were statistically analyzed by Mean, SD and ANOVA. The result indicated that age and gender was found to be significantly effective on stress among adolescents. Key words: Age, Gender, Stress, mental health

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Ashakiran., & Deepthi, R. (2012). Fast food and their impact on health. Journal of Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University, 1(2), 7-15. Bhargava, D. & Trivedi, H. (2018) A study of causes of stress and stress management among youth. IRA - International Journal of management & social sciences, 11(3) 108. Both, F. W., Roberts, C. K., & Laye, M. J. (2012). Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases. Comprehensive physiology, 2(2), 1143-1211.

The purpose of this paper was to examine the relationship between goal orientation, resilience, and student engagement of junior college students. Random sample of 1067 government secondary school students were selected for the study. Standardized instruments were used to collect the data from a sample of students. The student engagement scale constructed by Lam, Wong, Jimerson, Kikas, Shin, et.al (2014), and Resilience scale developed by Connor-Davidson (2003), Goal Orientation Scale developed by Button, Mathieu, Zajac (2016) were used in the present study. The study used a correlational research design. Results revealed that there is a positive and significant relationship between goal orientation, resilience, and student engagement of secondary school students. This paper explains the significance of this result and its ramifications. Keywords: Goal Orientation, Resilience, Student Engagement, Junior college students.

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Birch, S. H., & Ladd, G. W. (1997). The teacher-child relationship and children’s early school adjustment. Journal of School Psychology, 35, 61–79. doi:10.1016/S0022-4405(96)00029-5 Bong, M. (2001). Between- and Within-Domain Relations of Academic Motivation Among Middle and High School Students: Self-Efficacy, Task Value, and Achievement Goals. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93(1), 23-34. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.93.1.23 Connell, J. P., & Wellborn, J. G. (1991). Competence, autonomy, and relatedness: A motivational analysis of self-system processes. In M. Gunnar & L. A. Sroufe (Eds.), Minnesota symposium on child psychology (Vol. 23). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Finn, J. D., & Rock, D. A. (1997). Academic success among students at risk for school failure. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 221–234. doi:10.1037/ 0021-9010.82.2.221

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Adhikari, G.S., (1998), “Comparative study of Emotional Maturity of University Students &Teacher,”Psychological Abstract, Vol.9, pp. 65-66. Anju, (2000), “A comparative study of emotional maturity in relation intelligence and sex”M.Ed. Dissertation, Punjab University, Chandigarh. Kaur, M. (2003). Emotional Maturity of Senior secondary students in relation in to intelligence and family climate on M.Ed. Dissertation, P.U., Chandigarh. Singh, A. & Broota, A. (1992). Social–Personal Variables and Examination Anxiety. Jr. of Indian Academic of Applied Psychology, Vol.8, pp.73-78.

The 74th Amendment Act has been appreciated by most urban experts in India. It has brought about reforms in the system of civic governance. It has introduced progressive changes in the urban local institutions of the country. It has upgraded the political set up and the fiscal arrangements of the urban local governments. The State of Maharashtra has already implemented the law. The civic bodies are now constituted according to the norms and provisions of the 74th Amendment. There is a need to assess the process of implementation. It is important find out if it has moved in the direction of achieving the objective. It was expected to streamline the financial status of these bodies and upgrade the urban planning norms in the country. It has surely accorded constitutional status and recognition to the urban local bodies. There is a need to see if it has brought about administrative uniformity in the realm of urban governance in the country. It is also important to ensure that the legislation is implemented in its letter and spirit. Keywords: Civic structure, state finance commission, 74th Amendment, urban governance, municipal corporation, Central legislation, fiscal arrangements, urban local bodies, municipal corporation, urban planning, functional domain, District planning committee, civic governance, municipal council, Nagar Panchayats

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Apurba Kumar Basiston, (2018), Urban Local Administration (Growth & Development), Published by B. R. Publishing Corporation Areeba Hamid, (2004), 74th Amendment: An Overview, Published by Centre for Civil Society, New Delhi. Arvind Mahajan, (2021), Maharashtra: Redefining Urban Growth. Published by Mumbai Press, Mumbai. Ash Narayan Roy and George Mathew (2015), Development, Decentralisation and Democracy, published by Orient Blackswan Bagchi, S., (1999), Myth of Empowering Urban Local Bodies. Economic and Political Weekly, 11 September

Education plays a pivot role in strengthen of any nation. Education system depends upon the competencies of teachers teaching in the classrooms and in result they are shaping the destiny of the nation. Teaching competency is a broad term which is affected by academic, social, and psychological factors. The present paper reveals about teaching competencies and multiple intelligence of primary school teachers. The researcher also made a comparison of teaching competencies and multiple intelligence of primary school teachers based on teaching experience and professional qualifications. The method of present study is used descriptive survey method. The sample of 398 primary school teachers of district Pilibhit is selected with the systematic random sampling technique. Mean, Standard Deviation, T-test and ANOVA statistical techniques are used in the treatment of the data. This findings reveals that teaching experience do not affect teaching competency and multiple intelligence of primary school teachers. The level of multiple intelligence of primary school teachers has been affected by professional qualification, but professional qualification has not shown any influence on teaching competence. Keywords: Teaching Competency, Multiple Intelligence, Professional Qualification, and Teaching Experience.

Armstrong, (1994). Multiple Intelligences in the Classroom. Virginia: ASCD. Armstrong, T., (2009). Multiple intelligences in the classroom, 3rd edition. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Arora, S. & Gangwar,D.V.(2022) Construction of Multiple Intelligence Scale , Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language.10(49) Aslani, R. M. (2010) the effectiveness of remedial strategy in light of Multiple Intelligences in developing geometry achievement and attitudes toward geometry among 2nd preparatory Slow learners in Jeddah Government, unpublished Ph.D.,Thesis. Femalesfaculty of Education Ieddoh Saudi Arabia.

Creativity is the ability to discover new solutions to problems or to produce new ideas, innovations or work of art. Creativity stands for capacity to accept challenge, freedom to exercise choice, readiness to change self and capacity to change one’s environment. It is a precious source of emergence development and survival of man’s culture through ages. Creativity has been perceived as a multiphase, normally distributed mental ability. It is a complex process involving a concept of self and relationship to one’s environment. Academic Achievement is of paramount importance particularly in the present socio-economic and cultural contents. It forms the main basis of admission and promotion in a class. In the present education set up, the examination plays a predominant roll in assessing the talent of an individual. Intelligence refers to mental abilities. It is general mental adaptability to new problems and conditions of life. The researcher has highlighted the creativity of school going adolescents in relation to their academic achievement and intelligence in this study. Keywords: Creativity, Adolescent, Academic Achievement and Intelligence

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Anees Afshan (2013). A Study of Scholastic Attainment in link to intelligence of class VII students. Excellence Journal of Education and Experimentation, 1(3), 239-248. Best, J.W. (1978). Experimentation in Education (3rd Edition). New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. Bhagi, M. and Sharma, S. (1992). Encyclopedia Dictionary of Psychology. New Delhi: Anmol Publishers. Chauhan, Suman (2019). Innovation, Intelligence and Scholastic Attainment of Children with Attention Deficient Hyperactivity Disorder and Normal. Ph. D. thesis, Department of Psychology, Gujarat University. Dhall, S. & Thukral, P. (2009). Intelligence as related to Self Confidence and Scholastic Attainment of School Students. Journal of All India Association for Scholastic Experimentation, 21 (2), 80-83.

We are reaching a fundamental turning point in the forensic sciences. The successful use of forensic scientific techniques in the criminal justice system has been questioned and essentially considered in light of several high-profile discoveries and an expanding body of literature. We make the case for the requirement of a stronger relationship and identify key issues that demand consideration from experts working in both the forensic science and legal fields. Forensic science is used by the legal system to settle individual criminal cases as well as by law enforcement to reduce crime and get convictions. Previous studies in this field have concentrated more on science and innovation than on how people may use forensic services and science to their best advantage to achieve just results. As part of this five-year project, the viability of forensic science in police investigations and court preliminary hearings will be examined. Keywords: Improving, Forensic Science, Reliability, Indian, Criminal Justice, System

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Danaher J. 2011. Blind expertise and the problem of scientific evidence. Int. J. Evid. Proof 15, 207–231. (10.1350/ijep.2011.15.3.378) Das, M., & Chattopadhyay, S. (2021). Ensuring reliability and validity of forensic science evidence in the Indian criminal justice system. Journal of Forensic Science & Criminology, 9(1), 45-57. Desai, P., & Kumar, A. (2016). Improving forensic science reliability in the Indian criminal justice system: A case study approach. International Journal of Criminal Investigation, 4(2), 60-75. Edmond G. 2008. Secrets of the ‘hot tub’: expert witnesses, concurrent evidence and judge-led law reform in Australia. Civ. Justice Q. 27, 51–82.

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The level of employment, its composition and growth are important indicators of the process of development in any economy. The decision to work, especially among women is a function of a variety of economic, social and cultural factors. Recent Government reports have shown that the participation of women in the labor market activities has not only been low but declining. Entrepreneurship extends income earning opportunities to women belonging to different class structures. Availability of finance is very crucial to the growth of women entrepreneurship. A study of Muslim women entrepreneurs was conducted to highlight problems faced by them. The present paper brings out the financial concerns and requirements of these entrepreneurs. Cumbersome procedures are high interest rates are the main issues faced in relation to access to finance. Alternative modes of financing and simplified procedures will help in reducing their financial duress. Key words: Financial concerns, interest rates, entrepreneurship

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Danlami A H and Bashir R. (2022). Gender Accessibility to Credit among Entrepreneurs: Empirical Evidence from Women Entrepreneurs in Kano Metropolis, European Journal of Government and Economics, 11 (1), June 2022, pp. 97-112. Garg S and Agrawal P. (2017). Problems and Prospects of Women Entrepreneurship: A Review of Literature, IOSR Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 19, Issue 1, pp. 55-60. Hasan, Z and Menon, R. (2004). Unequal Citizens: Muslim Women in India, Oxford University Press. Idris N and Tan, J. (2017). Review of Literature on Women Entrepreneurs, Journal of Global Business and Social Entrepreneurship, Vol.1, No. 3, pp 1-11.

Many studies were conducted to see relationship between organizational climate and job satisfaction. In order to conduct present study a sample of 200 secondary school teachers from 35 schools was selected by the researcher. Organizational climate scale by Sanjyot Pethe, Sushama Chaudhari and Upinder Dhar and Job satisfaction questionnaire by Dr.(Mrs.) Nasrin (Aligarh) andDr.(Mrs.) Afshan Anees was used to collect data related to Organizational climate of Rural and Urban area schools as well as data related to job satisfaction among teachers working in these schools. Data when analyzed using Pearson’s product moment correlation, revealed that there was positive and significant relationship between the variables under the study in terms of type of area. Keywords: Organizational climate, job satisfaction, rural, urban

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Chamran, S. (2017). Iranian English language teacher’s job satisfaction and organizational climate in public and private schools. Issues in educational research, 27(4). Devi, T., & Talukdar, M.C. (2016). A study on the perception of organizational climate and job satisfaction of college teachers in relation to certain demographic variables in Nalbari district. Galaxy international interdisciplinary research journal, 4(11), 1-10.

Many studies were conducted to see relationship between organizational climate and job satisfaction. In order to conduct present study a sample of 200 secondary school teachers from 35 schools was selected by the researcher. Organizational climate scale by Sanjyot Pethe, Sushama Chaudhari and Upinder Dhar and Job satisfaction questionnaire by Dr.(Mrs.) Nasrin (Aligarh) andDr.(Mrs.) Afshan Anees was used to collect data related to Organizational climate of Rural and Urban area schools as well as data related to job satisfaction among teachers working in these schools. Data when analyzed using Pearson’s product moment correlation, revealed that there was positive and significant relationship between the variables under the study in terms of type of area. Keywords: Organizational climate, job satisfaction, rural, urban.

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Chamran, S. (2017). Iranian English language teacher’s job satisfaction and organizational climate in public and private schools. Issues in educational research, 27(4). Devi, T., & Talukdar, M.C. (2016). A study on the perception of organizational climate and job satisfaction of college teachers in relation to certain demographic variables in Nalbari district. Galaxy international interdisciplinary research journal, 4(11), 1-10.

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Academic Resilience embodies a student’s aptitude to adeptly navigate impediments, pressure and challenges inherent in the school environment. This research explores the academic resilience of secondary school students and compares male and female students in this regard. The study aimed to test the hypothesis that there is no significant difference in academic resilience between male and female secondary school students. A sample of 140 secondary school students (70 male and 70 female) was randomly selected for the study. Data collection employed the Academic Resilience Scale developed by Dr. Mihir Kumar Mallick and Ms. Simranjit Kaur. Statistical analysis included percentage statistics, Mean, Standard Deviation, and a t-test to assess mean differences in academic resilience between genders. Results showed that among the 140 secondary students, 12.1% exhibited extremely high, 5% high, 28.6% above average, 33.6% average, 19.3% below average, and 1.4% low levels of academic resilience. None of the students displayed an extremely low level of resilience. The findings revealed that 5.7% of male students and 18.6% of female students demonstrated extremely high resilience, 5.7% of male students and 4.3% of female students showed high resilience, 24.3% of male students and 32.9% of female students possessed above-average resilience, 37.1% of male students and 30.0% of female students displayed moderate resilience, 24.3% of male students and 14.3% of female students exhibited below-average resilience, and 2.9% of male students and no female students showed low levels of academic resilience. None of the students displayed an extremely low level of academic resilience. The calculated t-value of 3.32 is significant at the 0.01 level, indicating a notable difference in academic resilience between male and female secondary school students. The findings of this study suggest that female secondary school students tend to be more resilient than their male counterparts. KEYWORDS: Academic Resilience, Academic Stress, Academic Challenges, Academic Achievement, Mental Health

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The Uniform Civil Code (UCC), commonly referred to as "One Nation- One Law," is a provision outlined in Article 44 of the Indian Constitution's Directive Principles of State Policy. This article mandates that it is the responsibility of the State to ensure the implementation of a Uniform Civil Code that applies to all people across the nation. It is necessary to consider the implications of this issue from a scholarly perspective. The primary objective is to substitute Personal Laws that are grounded in the scriptures and practises of several prominent groups. In India, there exists a religious community wherein all citizens adhere to a shared set of rules. The topic of personal laws refers to the legal regulations that pertain to individuals and their personal affairs. These laws encompass a wide range. Family law is distinct from public law since it primarily pertains to matters such as marriage, divorce, and inheritance. The topics of adoption and maintenance will be discussed. There exist three primary contextual difficulties that are associated with the concept of uniformity. The three main themes under discussion are legitimacy, majority vs minority, and gender equality. The primary aim of this study is to comprehensively examine the underlying principles and intricacies of the Uniform Civil Code, also referred to as UCC. The present discourse will delve into the inception, current advancements, merits, demerits, and the pivotal function of the judiciary. Therefore, in conclusion, this research has presented a critical examination and reached a conclusion. In the process of composing this work, several scholarly publications, books, and articles were consulted and included. The topic under consideration is being examined. The internet has also played a significant role in facilitating this process. Therefore, this paper is an outcome of the topic of interest is the methodology employed in doctrinal research.

Keywords- Personal laws, State Policy, Marriage, Divorce, Inheritance, Gender Equality

 

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Every year in the pre winter season all electronic media channels blare out highlighting the worsening air situation in Delhi & NCR and as to how the agencies are acting irresponsibly in this regards playing havoc with the lives of the residents of the region. The Hon’ble SC passes strictures after strictures, the political blame game goes on unabated and the responsible State Governments throw up some flimsy excuse of having consumed the entire budget on Pollution control which was never in control. The elite blame the poor, the poor blame the farmers for stubble burning and the rest blame the Governments in power. Environmentalists accuse the auto industry who in turn justify other causes that make us all breathe the harmful toxins despite paying all taxes. This study endeavours to evaluate the need for Green Taxes imposition on polluters who are responsible for creating hazardous, environment in and around NCR thereby playing with the lives of all and since Vehicular Pollution is a primary source in this field the focus of study is oriented to the same.

This paper explores the lessons in corporate governance from Kautilya’s Arthashastra, highlighting the contribution made by Kautilya in ancient India (4th Century BC). The lessons from Kautilya’s Arthashastra are relevant even today and can be integrated into the modern context of corporate management towards achieving the ultimate aim of corporate governance, which is to provide value to shareholders and stakeholders.)  states that from time to time there is a need to look and re-look at some of the ancient works and provide an intelligent interpretation andre-interpretation to apply effectively in the context of modern corporate management. The prospects of analysis of Kautilya’s Arthashastra in other areas of corporate management such as strategic management, financial management and human resource management can be considered for future research.

Keywords: corporate governance; Kautilya Arthashastra; ancient India Artha, Economics, Stakeholder.

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This paper explores the lessons in corporate governance from Kautilya’s Arthashastra, highlighting the contribution made by Kautilya in ancient India (4th Century BC). The lessons from Kautilya’s Arthashastra are relevant even today and can be integrated into the modern context of corporate management towards achieving the ultimate aim of corporate governance, which is to provide value to shareholders and stakeholders.)  states that from time to time there is a need to look and re-look at some of the ancient works and provide an intelligent interpretation andre-interpretation to apply effectively in the context of modern corporate management. The prospects of analysis of Kautilya’s Arthashastra in other areas of corporate management such as strategic management, financial management and human resource management can be considered for future research.

Keywords: corporate governance; Kautilya Arthashastra; ancient India Artha, Economics, Stakeholder.

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Using plant extracts to synthesize metal nanoparticles is one of the easiest, most practical, affordable, and eco-friendly ways to reduce the use of hazardous chemicals. Therefore, employing aqueous extracts of plant parts like leaves, bark, roots, etc., numerous environmentally acceptable methods for the quick synthesis of silver nanoparticles have been discovered in recent years. This review covers the literature from 2015 and provides an overview of the latest research on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) utilizing various plant extracts and their possible uses as antimicrobial agents.

            We aim to provide a systematic, in-depth discussion on the potential influences of phytochemicals and their concentrations in plant extracts, extraction solvent, and extraction temperature; as well as reaction temperature, pH, reaction time, and precursor concentration on the size, shape, and stability of the produced AgNPs, while highlighting the various plants that have recently been used to synthesize highly effective antimicrobial green AgNPs. Complete explanations of the conceivable process by which AgNPs interact with microbial cell walls to cause cell death and strong antibacterial activity have also been developed. Comprehensive details have also been provided regarding the improved antibacterial activities resulting from the synergistic interaction of AgNPs with commercial antibiotic medicines, as well as the shape and size-dependent antimicrobial activities of the biogenic AgNPs.

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Mathematics is at the heart of progress around the world, driving advancements in science, technology, and problem-solving. In today's environment, when data is so important, learning maths is essential for innovation and long-term growth. This article emphasises the significance of STEM in tackling global concerns, focusing on its expansion and influence. Institutions in India, including IITs, IISERs, and NITs, have made progress in quantum computing, hydrology, and aerospace research. This is because of project-based learning, interdisciplinary courses, and changes to the education system. Conferences, research projects, and online platforms that bring people from all over the world together let people share information. NGOs and math societies make math education even better by making it easier to access, helping teachers learn, and giving them tools. They make learning more accessible, promote fairness, and help develop effective changes through the use of educational technologies like interactive tools, online courses, and data analytics.

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Almost 70 years have passed since the implementation of the social gospel of Buddha called neo-Buddhism in India and it is the right time to look into what changes it has made in the lives of the millions of converted neo-Buddhists in India and ponder over the new trends that are set in motion and can be witnessed in the changing Indian society. Dr Ambedkar, in a talk on ‘Why I like Buddhism and how it is useful to the world in its present circumstances,’ broadcast in May 1956 by BBC, had said that he prefers Buddhism because it gives three principles in combination which no other religion does. It teaches ‘Prajna’ as against superstitions and supernaturalism; Karuna, that is love, and Samata, that is equality, and this is what man wants for a good and happy life. At the end of his speech, he reaffirms his conviction that Buddhism is a social gospel and its revival can be an everlasting event. (Singh Janak, 2010). Dr Ambdekar has not only been responsible for the revival of Buddhism in India but also the reconstruction of Buddhism, which could suit the cause of untouchables suffering from caste based discrimination, humiliations, and socio-economic exploitation at the hands of upper caste Hindus,  with religious sanctions. His understanding of Dhamma was founded on a radical rejection of Hinduism and the caste system and a critical evaluation of existing Buddhism (Rodrigues 1993) to which he called Navayana. A book written by him, ‘Buddha and his Dhamma’ is found in every house of Neo-Buddhists, and quite often functions of public recitation and reading are organized during the rainy season (Vassa Vas). The Ambedkarite youths are increasingly becoming interested in Buddhism, and this has resulted in the construction of New Buddha Viharas in urban and rural areas. Formerly untouchables are not only transformed socio-economically into an advanced, modern, egalitarian, and rational society but also became a potent political force in the Indian polity. This has inspired and given birth to a new conversion movement amongst the other Dalits, Non-Dalit communities and tribes who were the backbone of traditional Hindu social order but are now on the verge of adapting to Neo-Buddhism.

The present paper aims at spotting and analyzing the socio-economic changes brought out in lives of socially deprived sections by way of Buddhism as an instrument of social transformation and it will also throw new light on the recent changing trends in the neo-Buddhist movement in the state of Maharashtra.

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